Coronary Artery Disease platelet activation

MaUk, N., V. Dhawan, A. Bahl, and D. Kaul. 2009. Inhibitory effects of Terminalia arjuna on platelet activation in vitro in healthy subjects and patients with coronary artery disease. Platelets 20(3) 183-190. 

Virtually all of the above cited studies were uncontrolled and involved acute oral or intravenous ISDN/ISMN administration followed within hours by in vitro platelet activity assessment. In contrast, Sinzinger et al. showed in an uncontrolled trial that oral ISDN (100 mg daily) administered to coronary artery disease patients over four weeks inhibited ADP-induced aggregation in platelet-rich plasma in vitro and reduced the number of circulating platelet aggregates and platelet production of thromboxane... 

Badimon L, Badimon JJ. Interaction of Platelet Activation and Coagulation. Atherosclerosis and Coronary Artery Disease. Philadelphia Lippincott-Raven, 1996 639-656. 

Abbreviations-. AA, arachidonic acid AMI, acute myocardial infarction AR, aspirin resistance ASA, aspirin CABG, coronary artery bypass graft surgery CAD, coronary artery disease CK-MB, creatinine kinase-MB CVA, cerebrovascular accident EPI, epinephrine HS, healthy subjects LTA, light transmittance aggregometry mm, millimolar PAR, platelet activity ratio PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention PR, platelet reactivity RPFA, rapid platelet function analyzer TXA2, thromboxane A2. 

Murata M, Matsubara Y, Kawano K, Zama T, Aoki N, Yoafaino H, Watanabe G, Idiikawa K, Oceda Y. Coronary artery disease and polymorphisms in a receptor mediating shear stress-dependent platelet activation. Cire ation 1997 96 3281-6. 

Several cases of intravenous immunoglobulin-related thrombosis have been reported (78,79). It can be either venous or arterial (80). It has been suggested that thrombosis can be caused by platelet activation and increased plasma viscosity (79). In patients with vascular risk factors, such as old age, hypertension, and a history of stroke or coronary artery disease, complications, such as myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, stroke, and acute spinal cord events, have been described (80). Intravenous immunoglobulin enhances platelet aggregation and the release of adenosine triphosphate in human platelets in vitro. In addition, there is a dose-related increase in plasma viscosity with increasing plasma immunoglobulin concentration (79,80). 

The panel smdies of Delfino et al. (2008, 2009) measured pollutants inside and outside the Los Angeles homes of non-smoking elderly subjects with a history of coronary artery disease. Health endpoints examined included various markers of inflammation, platelet activation, and anti-oxidant capacity. Pollutants included hourly concentrations of EC, BC, primary OC, SOA, particle number, CO, ozone, and NO2, and daily size-fractionated PM. Thus these two studies had very good subject exposure and included a large number of health-relevant pollutants. 

Delfino RJ, Staimer N, Tjoa T et al (2008) Circulating biomarkers of inflammation, antioxidant activity, and platelet activation are associated with primary combustion aerosols in subjects with coronary artery disease. Environ Health Perspect 116 898-906 Delfino RJ, Staimer N, Tjoa T et al (2009) Air pollution exposures and circulating biomarkers of effect in a susceptible population clues to potential causal component mixtures and mechanisms. Environ Health Perspect 117 1232-1238 Dockery DW, Pope CA, Xu X et al (1993) An association between air pollution and mortality in six US cities. N Engl J Med 329 1753-1759... 

Baldav, V.S., R.C. Sharma, PC. Ranka, and M.D. Qiittera. 1980. Effect of Commiphora mukul (guggul) on fibrinolytic activity and platelet aggregation in coronary artery disease. Rajasthan Med. J. 19 84. 

Mueller, H.W. Haught, C. A. McNatt, J.M. Cui, K Gaskell, S.J. Johnston D.A WiUerson, J.T. (1995). Measurement of platelet-activating factor in a canine model of coronary thrombosis and in endarterectomy samples from patients with advanced coronary artery disease. Circulation Research, Vol.77, No.l, (July 1995), pp. 54-63, ISSN 1524-4571... 

Braune S, Gros M, Walter M, Zhou S, Dietze S, Rutschow S, et al. Adhesion and activation of platelets from subjects with coronary artery disease and apparently healthy individuals on biomaterials. J Biomed Mater Res Part B Appl Biomater 2015. [onUne pre-published]. 

Platelet inhibitors are widely used in the treatment and prevention of coronary artery disease. In addition to acetic salicylic acid (ASA), two major groups of platelet inhibitors are used phosphodiesterase inhibitors, including dipyridamole, and thienopyridines. Clopidogrel is the most widely used antiplatelet agent and in combination with ASA, it is the standard-of-care (SoC) for acute coronary s5mdromes and percutaneous coronary interventions. However, the mechanisms of action include pathways that affect the metabolic activity of bone cells and pharmacologic modulation of these pathways may have adverse effects on the bones. 

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