Core-shell-based catalyzers

K. Nakabayashi, H. Oya, H. Mori, Cross-Linked Core-Shell Nanoparticles Based on Amphiphihc Block Copolymers by RAFT Polymerization and Palladium-Catalyzed Suzuki Coupling Reaction. Macromolecules 2012, 45, 3197-3204. 

The use of core-shell-corona stmctured CPBs, comprising a poly(3-(trimethox-ysilyl)propyl acrylate) (PAPTS) shell, allowed fabrication of water-soluble organo-silica hybrid nanotubes via base-catalyzed condensation of the PAPTS shell block [112]. Generally, one may control the lengths of the nanotubes by the length of CPBs, as well as the diameter and the shell thickness by adjusting the monomer feed ratios. 

This is illustrated in Figure 11.3. It consists of a vesicle containing two ribozymes, one (Rib-2) capable of catalyzing the synthesis of the membrane component the other (Ribl) being an RNA replicase that is capable of repUcating itself, and reproducing the Rib-2 as well. In this way, there is a concerted shell-and-core replication, and there is therefore a basic metabolism, self-reproduction, and - since the replication mechanism is based on RNA replication - also evolvability. 

Many efforts have been made to base polymers on furfural made from pentoses.159 The polymers may be useful, but tend to have lower thermal stability than the usual synthetic polymers. Polyesters based on furfural were mentioned earlier. The acid-catalyzed polymerization of furfuryl alcohol is used in foundry cores.160 Furfural has been condensed with cardanol (m-pentadecadienylphenol) from cashew nut shell oil in the presence of other phenols to produce polymeric resins.161 Cardanol and hydrogenated cardanol have been polymerized with horseradish peroxidase to soluble polymers in up to 85% yield.162 Plasticizers that are effective in polyvinyl chloride, such as (12.31), have been made from furfural.163... 

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