Core electrons infrared spectroscopy

Although the majority of the lipids in M. laidlawii membranes appear to be in a liquid-crystalline state, the system possesses the same physical properties that many other membranes possess. The ORD is that of a red-shifted a-helix high resolution NMR does not show obvious absorption by hydrocarbon protons, and infrared spectroscopy shows no ft structure. Like erythrocyte ghosts, treatment with pronase leaves an enzyme-resistant core containing about 20% of the protein of the intact membrane (56). This residual core retains the membrane lipid and appears membranous in the electron microscope (56). Like many others, M. laidlawii membranes are solubilized by detergents and can be reconstituted by removal of detergent. Apparently all of these properties can be consistent with a structure in which the lipids are predominantly in the bilayer conformation. The spectroscopic data are therefore insufficient to reject the concept of a phospholipid bilayer structure or to... 

Studies of carbonate-sulfonate RMs in engine oil on the antiwear performance of ZDDP, using reflectance-absorbance infrared spectroscopy RAIR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy XPS and Auger electron spectroscopy AES, showed that the tribofilms were inorganic amorphous phosphates, mainly orthophosphate (P043 ) and pyrophosphate (P2074 ) associated with zinc and magnesium (from the hard-core RMs) (Willermet et al., 1991 and 1992). 

A few other techniques have been effectively used in the chemical study of OLEDs, including infrared spectroscopy [for the generation of carbonyl impurities in poly(p-phenylenevinylene)],20 photoemission spectroscopy (capable of measuring valence and core electronic states at the surface of the material during deposition),13,30,32 39 and gas chromatography (which is well suited for Alq3 because some of the reactants and products are volatile).16,35... 

Aniline was added to a monodisperse cationic polystyrene latex and polymerisation initiated by the addition of ammonium persulphate solution, forming a core-shell latex, which was characterised by infrared spectroscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The composites exhibited electrical conductivity comparable to that of pure polyaniline, with a percolation threshold of approximately 3 wt% polyaniline. 12 refs. 

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