Cord angle

Fig. 6. Variation of Young s modulus (-) and shear modulus (—), with cord angle 9 for one-ply nylon—mbber system (88).

Fig. 7. Variation of Poisson s ratio, i with cord angle 0 for one-ply nylon—rubber system (88).

Cord angle Angle of the cord path to the centerline of the tire the predominant factor affecting the tire shape or contour. In radial tires the cord angle is 90" . 

G. Karami, H. Zohari, and E. Setoudeh, Stress Disribution Change in Bias Tires Due to Changes in Cord Angle-A Finite Element Analysis Kautsh. Gummi Kunstst. 51, 450-454 (1998). 

Fig. 5. Calendered unidirectionaHy reinforced single-ply cord—mbber lamina where 9 is the helix angle, E is lamina, and Tis tire.

When laying out a firing system using primacord, avoid sharp angles or bends in the lines. The shock wave in the cord as it detonates will turn... 

Formerly termed braced tread, rigid breaker or belted tyre. A pneumatic tyre in which the cords of the casing plies run directly across the tyre section from bead to bead, and not at an angle as in a cross-ply tyre the breaker in a radial-ply tyre is an inextensible band which runs circumferentially round the tyre between tread and casing. It is made up of layers of bias cut fabric set at discrete angles to confer the required stability in the tread but maintain the flexibility in the sidewall. 

Laser extensometers are relatively cheap to produce compared to the optical type and can be used through the window of an oven but the problems of diffraction in the glass are more severe. There may also be difficulties with cord specimens or if the marks distort. Accuracy at low strains is limited by the measurement of angle but a useful advantage is that the gauge length need not be known. 

There is the stretchable one-piece rubber sleeve supported by a series of brushes. As the roll rotates, the entire roller sleeve, as opposed to individual cords, expands and contracts to provide spreading action. The two factors of the wrap or angle at which the web enters onto the roller and the angular displacement of the end caps control the amount of spreading. Notable advancements in this expandable sleeve roller include a smooth, continuous surface that does not produce marking or allow air to enter under the web. Unfortunately the stretching of the rubber can cause the roller to eventually wear over time. 

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