Copper sonochemical synthesis

Lv W, Luo Z, Yang H, Liu B, Weng W, Liu J (2010) Effect of processing conditions on sonochemical synthesis of nanosized copper aluminate powders. Ultrason Sonochem 17(2) 344—351... 

An interesting sonochemical synthesis of elongated copper nanoparticles (approx. 50 X 500 nm) has been described [164]. The principle of the method is the use of an organised medium of aqueous cetyltrimethylammonium p-toluenesulphonate as the supporting fluid for sonication. The resulting nanoparticles are produced from the sonication of copper hydrazine carboxylate in the interconnected threadlike micelles which act as a template. The nanoparticles are coated with a layer of the surfactant. In the absence of the detergent the particles were spherical (ca. 50 nm). 

Such a reaction of Fe(CO)5 (at 293-363 K, PVP) without ultrasonic radiation proceeds very slowly and only after few days there, a material is formed with very low Fe content (2%, the isolated particles 2-5 nm in size). It is of interest that the sonochemical decomposition of Fe(CO)5 does not proceed in the presence of PVP if THF is used as the solvent, but the reaction is very effective when anisole is used as the solvent and PFO is used as the polymer matrix [93]. A black product formed contains up to 10% (in mass) of the spheric particles of nonoxidized Fe (mainly y-Fe, with little content of a-Fe) with 1-12 nm in size (the mean diameter is 3nm, as shown in Figure 3.7). It is likely that the big particles present the flocks of little ones ( 2-2.5nm). The sonochemical synthesis allows us to produce the functionalized amorphous nanoparticles of ferric oxide with 5-16 nm in diameter [94]. The ultrasonic irradiation in the PFO presence allows us to also produce the stabilized nanoparticles of copper, gold, and so on. In the literature the findings are not about the bimetallic particle formation in the ultrasonic fields by carbonyl metal reduction in the polymer matrices presence (as, for example, in the case of the carbon-supported Pt-Ru from PtRu5C(CO)i6 reduced clusters [95]). 

Mancier V, Daltin A-L, Leckercq D (2008) Synthesis and characterization of copper oxide (I) nanoparticles produced by pulsed sonoelectrochemistry. Ultrason Sonochem 15 157-163... 

Haas I, Shanmugam S, Gedanken A (2008) Synthesis of copper dendrite nanostructures by a sonochemical method. Chem Eur J 14 4696-7403... 

Suzuki, H., and Abe, H., A new straightforward synthesis of alkynyl sulfones via the sonochemical couphng between alkynyl halides and copper sulfinates. Tetrahedron Lett., 37, 3717, 1996. 

The hydrazinium nickel hydrazine carboxylate complex, (N2H5)Ni (N2H3C00)3-H20, is also used as precursor for the synthesis of metallic Ni in the sonochemical preparation of Ni-Mo-S/Al203, since volatile Ni precursors such as Ni(CO)4 are exceptionally toxic and dangerous to use [24]. Similarly, copper hydrazine carboxylate is used to prepare nanoparticles of copper by the sonication method [25]. The presence of a zwitterionic surfactant in the synthesis procedure causes the formation of elongated nanoparticles of aspect ratio 10, which is of significance for electrical applications. In the absence of the zwitterionic surfactant only spherical particles result [26]. 

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