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Copper process energy

C. H. Pitt and M. E. S7J2Lds oFh.,Mn Mssessment of Energy Requirements in Proven andNeiv Copper Processes, report prepared for U.S. Department of... [Pg.213]

The most efficient processes in Table I are for steel and alumintim, mainly because these metals are produced in large amounts, and much technological development has been lavished on them. Magnesium and titanium require chloride intermediates, decreasing their efficiencies of production lead, copper, and nickel require extra processing to remove unwanted impurities. Sulfide ores produce sulfur dioxide (SO2), a pollutant, which must be removed from smokestack gases. For example, in copper production the removal of SO, and its conversion to sulfuric acid adds up to 8(10) JA g of additional process energy consumption. In aluminum production disposal of waste ciyolite must be controlled because of possible fiuoride contamination. [Pg.772]

Redox catalysis is the catalysis of redox reactions and constitutes a broad area of chemistry embracing biochemistry (cytochromes, iron-sulfur proteins, copper proteins, flavodoxins and quinones), photochemical processes (energy conversion), electrochemistry (modified electrodes, organic synthesis) and chemical processes (Wacker-type reactions). It has been reviewed altogether relatively recently [2]. We will essentially review here the redox catalysis by electron reservoir complexes and give a few examples of the use of ferrocenium derivatives. [Pg.1445]

Abstract The approach based on the copper(I)-templated synthesis of porphyrin catenanes and rotaxanes developed by the authors group is here reviewed. Zn(II) porphyrins and gold(III) porphyrins were chosen as electron donors and electron acceptors, respectively, to constitute the electro- and photoactive parts of the present systems. The processes—energy and electron transfer reactions—occiuring in the interlocked structures upon light absorption in the presence or absence of Cu(I) are presented, their rates and efficiencies critically compared and discussed with respect to properties of the components and of the ensemble. A detailed examination of differences and analogies in photoreactivity between the present and closely related systems reported by others is presented. [Pg.217]

An intriguing series of electro- and photoactive porphyrin catenanes and rotaxanes, obtained by the authors through copper(I)-templated synthesis, is reviewed in the sixth chapter by Lucia Flamigni, Valerie Heitz, and Jean-Pierre Sauvage. The photo-induced processes - energy and electron transfer reactions - occurring in the interlocked structures upon light absorption are discussed in detail and critically compared to closely related systems reported by others. [Pg.317]

What is meant by a reversible process Let s look at a simple example. Suppose we heat a 1 lb block of copper (Cp = 94kcal/lb°F) from 50 °F to 100 °F. In order to raise the temperature of the copper, the energy input, according to the first law, is... [Pg.212]

One other very important attribute of photoemitted electrons is the dependence of their kinetic energy on chemical environment of the atom from which they originate. This feature of the photoemission process is called the chemical shift of and is the basis for chemical information about the sample. In fact, this feature of the xps experiment, first observed by Siegbahn in 1958 for a copper oxide ovedayer on a copper surface, led to his original nomenclature for this technique of electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis or esca. [Pg.277]

Akzo Process. Akzo Zout Chemie has developed a route to vinyl chloride and soda ash from salt usiag an amine—solvent system catalyzed by a copper—iodide mixture (13). This procedure theoretically requires half the energy of the conventional Solvay processes. [Pg.524]

The term channel induction furnace is appHed to those in which the energy for the process is produced in a channel of molten metal that forms the secondary circuit of an iron core transformer. The primary circuit consists of a copper cod which also encircles the core. This arrangement is quite similar to that used in a utdity transformer. Metal is heated within the loop by the passage of electric current and circulates to the hearth above to overcome the thermal losses of the furnace and provide power to melt additional metal as it is added. Figure 9 illustrates the simplest configuration of a single-channel induction melting furnace. Multiple inductors are also used for appHcations where additional power is required or increased rehabdity is necessary for continuous operation (11). [Pg.130]

The largest consumption of beryUium is in the form of aUoys, principally the copper—beryUium series. The consumption of the pure metal has been quite cycHc in nature depending on specific governmental programs in armaments, nuclear energy, and space. The amount of beryUium extracted from bertrandite has tanged between 200 and 270 metric tons pet year since 1986 (14). SmaU quantities of beryl were also processed during this period. [Pg.68]

The U.S. Department of Energy has funded a research program to develop the Hquid-phase methanol process (LPMEOH) (33). This process utilizes a catalyst such as copper—zinc oxide suspended in a hydrocarbon oil. The Hquid phase is used as a heat-transfer medium and allows the reaction to be conducted at higher conversions than conventional reactor designs. In addition, the use of the LPMEOH process allows the use of a coal-derived, CO-rich synthesis gas. Typical reactor conditions for this process are 3.5—6.3 MPa (35—60 atm) and 473—563 K (see Methanol). [Pg.51]

The main advantages of the Cosorb process over the older copper ammonium salt process are low corrosion rate, abiHty to work in carbon dioxide atmospheres, and low energy consumption. The active CuAlCl C H CH complex is considerably more stable than the cuprous ammonium salt, and solvent toluene losses are much lower than the ammonia losses of the older process (94). [Pg.57]

Ashby pointed out diat die sintering studies of copper particles of radius 3-15 microns showed clearly the effects of surface diffusion, and die activation energy for surface diffusion is close to the activation energy for volume diffusion, and hence it is not necessarily the volume diffusion process which predominates as a sintering mechanism at temperatures less than 800°C. [Pg.207]


See other pages where Copper process energy is mentioned: [Pg.772]    [Pg.749]    [Pg.749]    [Pg.750]    [Pg.761]    [Pg.18]    [Pg.846]    [Pg.208]    [Pg.502]    [Pg.257]    [Pg.258]    [Pg.2748]    [Pg.364]    [Pg.280]    [Pg.56]    [Pg.282]    [Pg.157]    [Pg.226]    [Pg.275]    [Pg.274]    [Pg.558]    [Pg.562]    [Pg.322]    [Pg.405]    [Pg.234]    [Pg.420]    [Pg.49]    [Pg.200]    [Pg.207]    [Pg.208]    [Pg.258]    [Pg.1874]    [Pg.299]    [Pg.292]    [Pg.17]    [Pg.393]    [Pg.43]    [Pg.141]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.749 ]




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