Copper dispersion-strengthened

Dispersion-strengthened copper is made by dispersing a thoria or alumina phase through copper powder. The resulting P/M product retains its strength at elevated temperatures. It is used, for example, as the conductor or lead wine that supports the hot filament inside incandescent lamps. 

K.C. Russell and L.M. Brown, A dispersion strengthening model based on differing elastic moduli apphed to the iron-copper system , Ac/a Metall., 1972, 20, 969-974. 

Lead-clad steel sheet (cold rolled lead sheet bonded to steel sheet) and other composite materials (using laminates, for instance) improve on the mechanical properties of lead, whilst retaining its other inherent advanu es. These are often tailormade to suit particular applications. Another newer material is dispersion strengthened lead (DSL). Here, foreign materials (such as copper, nickel, alumina or natural lead oxide) are uniformly dispersed through the lead sheet by powder metallutgical methods. 

---