Copper carbonate hydroxides

Cupric chloride or copper(II) chloride [7447-39 ], CUCI2, is usually prepared by dehydration of the dihydrate at 120°C. The anhydrous product is a dehquescent, monoclinic yellow crystal that forms the blue-green orthohombic, bipyramidal dihydrate in moist air. Both products are available commercially. The dihydrate can be prepared by reaction of copper carbonate, hydroxide, or oxide and hydrochloric acid followed by crystallization. The commercial preparation uses a tower packed with copper. An aqueous solution of copper(II) chloride is circulated through the tower and chlorine gas is sparged into the bottom of the tower to effect oxidation of the copper metal. Hydrochloric acid or hydrogen chloride is used to prevent hydrolysis of the copper(II) (11,12). Copper(II) chloride is very soluble in water and soluble in methanol, ethanol, and acetone. 

Formula CuCOs Cu(OH)2 MW 221.12 Synonyms copper carbonate hydroxide green Bremen blue mineral green. 

Copper carbonate basic Copper carbonate hydroxide Copper (II) carbonate hydroxide (2 1 2). See Copper carbonate (ic)... 

Harley indicates that the English term bice was, in the seventeenth century at least, used exclusively in coimection with azurite in later centuries, when azurite was uncommon, the term was applied to other blue pigments. The synthetic analogue (copper carbonate hydroxide, azurite type, q.v.) is generally called bine verditer. 

Copper carbonates group Azurite Blue verditer Copper carbonate hydroxide, azurite type Lazurite Ultramarine ash Ashes blue Bremen blue Lapis lazuli Sanders blue... 

Copper carbonate hydroxide, malachite type Malachite Emerald green Green verditer Scheele s green... 

Copper carbonates group Azurite Copper carbonate hydroxide, rite type Blue verditer Harley (1982) 50... 

Church (1901) included a description of chessylite, which he states was the same as azurite and blue verditer (qq.v). It is an alternative mineral name for azurite (a copper carbonate hydroxide mineral), occurring, among other places, at Chessy in France. 

Clarke (2001) hsts three mediaeval manuscripts which mention this colour. Thompson (1935), however, states that some way of making an iris blue may have. .. been known . .. it was not generally practised . He cites a Florentine manuscript (Ashbum-hamiana MS 349 Clarke MS 630) which indicates that the secret is to take the yellow things out of the flowers , presumably the pollen. The Compendium of 1808 also hsts iris blue . Iris flowers were also used to make the important mediaeval colour known as iris green q.v.) or hly green. Additionally, Field (1835) used the term iris blue as a synonym for blue bice , which was in turn mainly used for azurite but that could also be applied to blue verditer (a blue copper carbonate hydroxide). 

The origin of this term probably lies with the production of the synthetic copper carbonate hydroxide pigment known as blue verditer q.v). According to Harley (1982), traditional copper blue recipes frequently suggest the use of some form of lime, such as powdered eggshell . (N.B. Of course, eggshell (. v.) is calcium carbonate.)... 

Copper carbonate hydroxide, azurite type Copper carbonate hydroxide, malachite type Blue verditer. Green verditer Verditer Harley (1982) 51 Mactaggart Mactaggart (1980)... 

When encountered as a pigment, it may be the synthetic analogue, copper zinc carbonate, rosasite type q.v.), rather than the mineral itself This is produced in a similar manner to copper carbonate hydroxides ( verditer ) hut with brass, a Cu-Zn alloy, substituted for copper as the starting material. Other occurrences of this type of replacement are known, such as is seen through the presence of tin in Egyptian blue q.v.) when a bronze (a Cu-Sn alloy) was used. 

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