Copper carbon-encapsulated

Hao, C., Xiao, F. and Cui, Z. (2008) Preparation and structure of carbon encapsulated copper nanopartides. JourruU of Nanoparticle Research, 10,... 

Copper nanopartides encapsulated in multi-shell carbon cages. Applied Physics A, 78, 73-7. 

Similarly, Pd, Ag, and Pd-Ag nanoclusters on alumina have been prepared by the polyol method [230]. Dend-rimer encapsulated metal nanoclusters can be obtained by the thermal degradation of the organic dendrimers [368]. If salts of different metals are reduced one after the other in the presence of a support, core-shell type metallic particles are produced. In this case the presence of the support is vital for the success of the preparation. For example, the stepwise reduction of Cu and Pt salts in the presence of a conductive carbon support (Vulcan XC 72) generates copper nanoparticles (6-8 nm) that are coated with smaller particles of Pt (1-2 nm). This system has been found to be a powerful electrocatalyst which exhibits improved CO tolerance combined with high electrocatalytic efficiency. For details see Section 3.7 [53,369]. 

Many of these approaches have been used in mixed potential models to predict the behavior of copper nuclear waste containers in a compacted clay environment (22), and to predict the corrosion rate of nuclear fuel inside these containers once they have failed and water allowed to contact the nuclear fuel (U02) wasteform (6). The container is lined with a carbon shell liner to give it mechanical integrity. Consequently, when the container floods with water on failure, two corrosion processes are possible, corrosion of the U02 wasteform (conservatively assumed to be unprotected by the Zircalloy cladding within which it is encapsulated) and corrosion of the carbon steel liner. The reaction scheme underlying... 

Recently, Goddart et al. [6] reported a polyvinyl alcohol-copper(ll) initiating system, which can produce branched polymers on surfaces. The initiating system is prepared by dissolving polyvinyl alcohol in water that already contains copper nitrate (or copper chloride). The calcium carbonate filler is dipped into the solution and dried. If this is used for polymerization of an olefin (say, styrene), it would form a polymer that adheres to the particles, ultimately encapsulating them. The mechanical properties of calcium-carbonate-fiUed polystyrene have been found to depend strongly on filler-matrix compatibihty, which is considerably improved by this encapsulation. 

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