Copper annual emissions

Elevated nickel concentrations in Norwegian wildlife are linked to emissions from Russian nickel smelters. In Norway, nickel concentrations were elevated in livers and kidneys of moose (Alces alces) and caribou (Rangifer tarandm) because of atmospheric transport of wastes from nickel-processing plants of nearby Russian towns. In Russia between 1974 and 1992, three species of voles (Clethrionomys glareolus, Clethrionomys rutilus. Lemmas lemmas) were eliminated from the immediate vicinity of a copper-nickel smelter that discharged 2700 metric tons of nickel annually... 

Thallium is obtained commercially from flue dust residues of zinc and lead smelters, and occasionally as a byproduct in cadmium production. Approximately 12 tons are produced worldwide each year for commercial use [9]. Approximately 1600 tons of thallium is released annually from emission sources such as refineries, coal-burning power plants, metal smelters, and cement plants [3]. Thallium is also released into the environment in runoff from copper and zinc mines. 

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