Copolymers from thiophene

Vriezema, D. M., Hoogboom, J., Velonia, K., et al, Vesicles and polymerized vesicles from thiophene-containing rod-coil block copolymers. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 772-776. 

Vriezema DM, Hoogboom J, Velonia K, Takazawa K, Christianen PCM, Maan JanC, Rowan AE, Nolte RJM (2003) Vesicles and polymerized vesicles from thiophene-containing rod-coU block copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed 42 772-776... 

Thiophene Copolymers. A copolymer from N-vinylcarbazole and thiophene, poly(2,7-bi-2-thienyl-9-vinyl-9-//-carbazole) was synthesized via a radical polymerization and a Suzuki reaction [58]. 

The shift to lower energy of the absorption maximum of HT-HT coupled PATs is up to 14 nm in solution, 46 nm in the solid state, and other intensive lower energy peaks with shifts of up to 129 nm (609 nm) from the normal PATs [95]. A blue shift of the absorption maximum with increasing coplanar block length is observed in copolymers of thiophene and HH coupled 3-octylthiophene, which interrupts the coplanarity of the polymer backbone [504]. In PHT and in copolymers of thiophene/HH coupled 3-octylthiophene it was found that, with increasing HT-HT coupling content,... 

The covalent immobilization of an enzyme such as alcohol dehydrogenase on the surface of poly[3-(2-hydroxyethyl)thiophene] (cf. Sect. 2.1.3) is an interesting way to produce enzyme electrodes [111, 112]. Glucose oxidase is covalently immobilized at the surface of a copolymer from 3-methylthiophene... 

Due to the small amount of work that has been reported on the preparation and optical properties for copolymers of thiophene and alkyl thiophenes, it is difficult to draw many conclusions. It appears that small increases in the extent of conjugation result from eliminating some of the side chains. If more side chains are eliminated and head-to-head couplings are avoided, further increases in conjugation may result. 

Thiophene-Thiazole. Copolymers of thiophene or 3-methoxy-thiophene with methylthiazole have been electrochemically synthesized from a-linked four-ring monomers. The conductivity and redox potential of this copolymer appear to be comparable to those observed for poly(a-terthiophene) [787] (Fig. 49e). 

A novel strategy for forming controlled-size pseudo-crown ethers from acyclic polyethers has recently been proposed by Fabre et al. [258]. As conceptualized in Fig. 10, it consisted of the electrosynthesis of electroactive copolymers from compounds possessing two different electropolymerizable aromatic groups (pyr-role/thiophene (10), pyrrole/dimethoxybenzene (11), and thio-phene/dimethoxybenzene (12)) linked together by a polyether chain. 

A copolymer having 20 to 230Scm can be synthesized electrochemically with the electrolyte salt tetraethylammonium perchlorate in propylene carbonate starting from thiophene and l,2-di(2-thienyl)ethylene forming a polymer with 2,2 -bithio-phenediyl vinylene units [58],... 

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