Cooling water Siphons

AMMONIA COMPRESSORS VACUUM PUMPS(FOR PRIMING SIPHONS) COOLING WATER PUMPS DRAINAGE PUMPS BRINE CIRCULATING PUMPS BRINE STIRRING PUMPS AIR HEATERS (DEFROSTING)... 

Ingress of cooling water can occur through a leak and can result in an accident. Cooling Water Flow Under Siphon... 

Any leak will stop cooling water flow automatically as the siphon flow will break hence, this is a safe system. Please refer to drawings in Chapter on Safety Management. They are not repeated here. 

Solutions heated to 8S°C daily for 8 hours and allowed to cool to 24°C overnight. Fresh water siphoned in twice weekly. 

If water cooling cannot be avoided, the cooling water flow should not be pressurised, but preferably under negative pressure i.e. use a siphon for water flow. Provide an alarm for disraptions in water flow. 

Hydrobromic acid. Method 1 (from bromine and sulphur dioxide). A mixture of 600 g. (or 188-6 ml.) of bromine, 250 ml. of water and 760 g. of crushed ice is placed in a 1 6 litre round-bottomed flask and a rapid stream of sulphur dioxide (from a siphon of the liquefied gas) is passed into the flask, care being taken that the outlet of the gas-delivery tube is below the surface of the bromine layer. The rate of flow of the gas is adjusted so that it is completely absorbed. It is advisable to cool the flask in ice and also to shake the contents from time to time. The reduction is complete when the mixture assumes a uniform yellowish-brown or yellow colour, which is unaffected by further introduction of sulphur dioxide excess of the latter gas should be avoided as it will be... 

XeF2 was removed from the reactor by pumping the gases through a trap (preferably from Teflon FEP or Kel-F) cooled to — 78 X. Unreacted fluorine as well as SiF4 and other possible contaminants passed through. XeF2 transferred more easily when a warm-water bath was placed around the reactor (after unreacted fluorine was removed) and was siphoned into the water jacket of the lamp well. 

A still better method for the production of this ealt in a state of chemical purity is tho following, recommended by Wohler. Put ono part of nitrate of potassa, and two or three parts of sheet copper cuttings, in an iron or copper crucible in alternate layers cover the latter, and expose it for half an hour to a moderate red heat. Allow tho mass to cool, treat it with water, let the solution deposit in a tall cylinder, and afterwards remove it by means of a siphon. By evaporation the perfectly pure hydrate may then be obtained. 

After stirring has been continued for two hours longer, the crock is surrounded by hot water or steam and warmed to 50° without stirring. The mixture is then allowed to stand until cool, when the aqueous layer is drawn off by means of a siphon. The upper oily layer is transferred to a 12-I. flask and distilled in a current of steam until no more oil passes over about 10 1. of distillate is collected (Note 6). The water is drawn off and the benzene removed by distillation, by means of a 2-1. round-bottom flask and a fractionating column about 90 cm. long. When benzene no longer distils over, the distillation is continued in the same apparatus under reduced pressure, and the fraction that boils at 94-96°/20 mm. is collected. A small amount of dark-colored residue remains in the flask. The yield of almost colorless o-tolunitrile is 300-330 g. (64-70 per cent of the theoretical amount). 

Figure D1.1.1 Soxhlet lipid extraction unit used for continuous extraction of analytes from a solid into an organic solvent. As the flask containing the solvent is heated, vapors rise in the larger outside tube, through the thimble containing the sample, enter the water-cooled condenser, and liquefy. When the liquid level in the extractor reaches the top of the siphon arm, the extract-enriched solvent returns to the flask.

Sampling.—The amount of beer usually required for analysis is about a litre. The sample is withdrawn frQm the cask either by means of a clean, dry siphon or by boring a small hole in the head of the cask, and is placed in clean, dry and, if possible, sterilised bottles, which should be immediately closed with good, new corks it is well to steep the latter for a few minutes in boiling water and then to dry them before use. The analysis should be carried out as soon as possible after sampling, the samples being kept meanwhile in a cool, dark place. 

After butyl alcohol has been introduced, the reactive mixture is heated to 60 5 °C within 2-3 hours and held at this temperature for 3-5 hours. The standing is finished when the chlorine content in silicon chloroethers (a byproduct of the partial etherification of methyltrichlorosilane) is 15-42% depending on the type of the varnish. The mixture is cooled to 20-30 °C by sending water into the jacket of the hydrolyser. The cooled chloroethers are sent through a siphon into weight batch box 6. 

After the anhydrous potassium acetate has been dried and its exact weight has been measured, acetylation reactor 5 receives at agitation from batch box 1 through a siphon under the layer of toluene potassium acetate solution a required amount of phenyltrichlorosilane. The temperature (SOSO °C) is regulated by changing the speed of phenyltrichlorosilane supply and intensity of cooling reactor 5 (by sending water into the jacket). After the introduction of phenyltrichlorosilane the mixture in apparatus 5 heated... 

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