Cooling parameter

Type of cooling Parameter Minimal (high strain) Neutral 1, (low strain)... 

Here we have denoted y conversion, 0 Frank-Kameneckii dimensionless temperature, Da Damkohler number, Pe Peclet number for axial mass dispersion, Pe Peclet number for Sxial heat dispersion, Y dimensionless activation energy, B dimensionless adiabatic temperature rise, 3 dimensionless cooling parameter, 6 temperature of the cooling medium, A mass capacity, AT heat capacity. 

Sinee in the DPF the gas flows through a solid bed, with a non-Arrhenius reaction rate given by k = koTQxp —E/RT), we redefine, for the DPF, the following parameters the charaeteristic reaction time tr d (such that Td = tjty d) the eharacteristic time for thermal convection tc,d (such that the cooling parameter 3 = tr /tc ), the dimensionless adiabatic temperature rise Bd, and the Lewis number. Led, s the ratio of the total heat capaeity of the soot bed to that of the substrate wall. Z = w/w is the dimensionless soot layer thickness, and 6 is the dimensionless temperature, defined earlier. 

Two parameters can be introduced to facilitate the analysis of freezing fouling problems. Siegel and Sarino [1966] include the sub-cooling parameter S sometimes known as the Stefan number where... 

Comparable to genetic algorithms, there are candidate solutions that are determined in SA by the different states of the system and the energy of the state as the objective function. The control parameter in SA is called temperature, as used in thermodynamics. The Boltzmann constant is termed a cooling parameter, a, which ranges between 0 and 1. 

Select an initial cooling parameter value, a, to reduce temperature. 

The temperature and cooling parameter a have to be chosen carefully. Too high a temperature leads to acceptance of almost all inferior solutions and the search might tend toward a random search. If the temperature is too low, almost no inferior solution will be accepted and the search approaches one of the local optimization methods. Commonly, the probability for acceptance of an inferior solution should be higher than 0.5. If no information on the temperature is at hand, the algorithm can be initiated at a lower temperature that is gradually increased until an acceptable probability of inferior solutions is found. Then the coohng process... 

The rate of cooUng is influenced by the choice of cooling parameter a and the number of iterations (steps 5-8 in Example 8.12). There should be enough iteration allowed to fully explore the neighborhood of a local optimum. Often, the iteration number is allowed to increase in the cooling process. 

Cooling parameters fitting analysis in long distance excavation roadway... 

TESTING AND ANALYSIS ON COOLING PARAMETERS OF THE EXCAVATION ROADWAY... 

Through field measurement and data analysis, some quantitative relationships about the cooling parameters in long distance excavation roadway (nearly 1000 m) and working face of Zhaolou coal mine were got. 

In the last case where D > 0 and the probability is lower than the random value e d/T = Rnd, no moves are accepted and the current state s continues to be the current solution. When starting with a large cooling parameter, large deteriorations can be accepted. Then, as the temperature decreases, only small deteriorations are accepted until the temperature approaches zero when no deteriorations are accepted. Therefore, adequate temperature scheduling is important to optimise the search. Simulated annealing can be implemented to find a closest possible optimal value within a finite time where the cooling schedule can be specified by four components [2] ... 

Bearing cooling parameter f exerts a strong influence on the key operating parameters as shown in Figure 4. Pad inlet temperature rise... 

So the steady state u, v depends on three parameters Da, u, e. The reaction number B is Tumped together with the cooling parameter by Eq. (5c). 

The heads of hip prothesis in zirconia or alumina are formed by isostatic pressing (approximately 1,200 bars) from micronized powders. The sintering operation which follows is carefully defined by heating and cooling parameters (terrtperatures and rates), so as to obtain a finished product with a nil total porosity, especially in the case of prostheses heads [MOC 93]. The choice of a micronized and reactive powder... 

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