Solvent cooler

That cooler would have enabled the rinsed parts (under immersion) to be colder than the normal boiling point of the solvent. So when the those parts are lifted from the cooler solvent and reach the vapor zone solvent would have condensed upon their surfaces. 

To be dear — two methods of removing solvent from emitted air are involved here. The first is the anticipated adsorption on activated carbon of solvent vapor from air. The second is by condensation of cooler solvent. When vacuum is created, the contents of the work chamber are cooled (Chapter 2.13). When flushed from the work chamber by nitrogen this solvent can be recovered by condensation. However, this action is limited by the interplay between solvent vapor pressure and available cooling temperature which is why adsorption is the final "polishing" treatment to remove solvent from emitted vapor streams. 

Physical adsorption is an exothermic process — heat is given off when solvent is adsorbed onto activated carbon. Heating can be offset to an extent by the inflow of cooler solvent-laden air. 

To reduce the CO2 content of the absorber exit gas stream, the majority of the lean solvent can be fed to the absorber to irrigate the second packed bed down from the top. A portion of the lean solvent will be cooled to about 190 F and fed to the top of the absorber as shown in Figure 3-5. The cooler solvent in contact with the exit gas stream at the top of the absorber has a lower equilibrium vapor pressure of CO2. However, this modification does add a sensible heat load to the system that somewhat increases the regenerator reboiler duty. 

Vapors (from drying) are removed at the feed end of the dtyer to the atmosphere through a natural-draft stack and settling chamber or wet scrubber. When employed in simple drying operations with 3.5 X 10 to 10 X 10 Pa steam, draft is controlled by a damper to admit only sufficient outside air to sweep moisture from the cylinder, discharging the air at 340 to 365 K and 80 to 90 percent saturation. In this way, shell gas velocities and dusting are minimized. When used for solvent recovery or other processes requiring a sealed system, sweep gas is recirculated throu a scrubber-gas cooler and blower. 

The plate dryer is limited in its scope of apphcations only in the consistency of the feed material (the products must be friable, free flowing, and not undergo phase changes) and diying temperatures up to 320°C. Applications include speci ty chemicals, pharmaceuticals, foods, polymers, pigments, etc. Initial moisture or volatile level can be as high as 65 percent and the unit is often used as a final dryer to take materials to a bone-dry state, if necessary. The plate dryer can also be used for heat treatment, removal of waters of hydration (bound moisture), solvent removal, and as a product cooler. 

One centrifuge was powered by a hydraulic oil installation 2-3 m away. A leak of oil from a cooler was ignited, and the fire was spread by oil and product spillages and by plastic-covered cables. It destroyed the plastic seal between the centrifuge and its exit chute. There was an explosion in the chute and a flash fire in the drier to which it led. The centrifuge exit valve was closed, but the aluminum valve actuator was destroyed. Fortunately, the exit valve did not leak, or several tons of solvent would have been added to the fire. Aluminum is not a suitable material of construction for equipment that may be exposed to fire. 

Recycle solvent cooler U-tubes, area 10.1 m2, carbon steel shell and tubes, operating pressure 5 bar. 

Solvent cooler double pipe exchanger, heat transfer area 2 m2, materials stainless steel. 

Turn on cooling water to the solvent (LLO) discharge cooler and to the aqueous (HLO) discharge cooler. 

Solvents are transferred into and out of the system only when cold. Do not operate if coolers are not functioning properly. 

A typical emergency scrubber system consists of a scrubbing column (often filled with packing), recirculating liquid pumps, solvent cooler, and in some cases (where the entering effluent gas/vapor is at a low pressure) exhaust blowers (see Fig. 23-57). Redundant equipment and instrumentation is usually provided to ensure reliable scrubber operation at all times. 

Figure 1.8 Heat transfer via reflux. Solvent evaporates on heating (a) and condenses in a cooler part of the reactor. The cooled liquid is returned to the reservoir (b) and the net effect is the removal of heat from the reservoir...

This mixture is the Huang Minion modification of the Wolff Kishner reaction. In the editor s experience it often leaps from the flask with sudden gas evolution. In addition to the expected nitrogen, at the operating temperature of around 200°C it is uncomfortably near the temperature of hydrogen evolution from glycol decomposition. The reduction proceeds much cooler in dimethyl sulfoxide or some of the alkoxyethanols as solvent. 

Since our solvents are permanent dipoles that develop an orientation under the influence of an outside electric field activity in opposition to the disordering influence of thermal agitation, such an orientation process is governed by the Boltzmann distribution law and results in the dielectric constant being strongly dependent on the absolute temperature. Thus, as the systems become cooler, the random motion of their molecules decreases and the electric field becomes very effective in orienting them the dielectric constant increases markedly with reduction in temperature at constant volume. 

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