Converter slag

The equihbrium constants for these reactions are such that copper is not appreciably oxidi2ed by oxygen until most sulfur has been removed. This makes possible the production of bHster copper, 98.6—99.5% Cu that is low in both sulfur (0.02—0.1%) and oxygen (0.5—0.8%). The converter slag, however, contains a significant amount of copper and must be recycled to the smelting stage. 

The copper and copper oxide ia equations 12 and 13 are from copper production via leaching or from recycled converter slag. 

Basaltgestein, n. basaltic rock, basalthaltig, a. containing basalt, basaltieren, vA. convert (slag) into a material resembling basalt, basaltisch, a. basaltic. 

Slags and sludges Copper converter slag vanadium sludge (from aluminum industry) ferroalloys slag... 

Matte smelting involves roasting the concentrate with lime and recycled converter slag at about 1300 °C to form a slag of molten oxides of iron, silicon, and other impurities, and an immiscible matte or molten sulfide layer, which contains CU2S along with some FeS. 

Iron and steelmaking Steel slag (general) blast furnace slag steel converter slag AOD process slag electric arc furnace slag... 

Vanadium has an abundance in the earth s crust of about 0.2% (Clark, 1975). It is quite eveniy distributed in minerais. A few commerciai deposits contain more than 3% vanadium pentoxide, but normai concentrations are 0.1 - 1% (NAS. 1974). The main sources of vanadium are vanadium suiphide (patronite), carnotite and titanomagnetite ores. Many crude oiis contain considerabie amounts (even about 0.1%) of vanadium, notably those from Venezuela. The ash obtained from burning vanadium-containing oils may have many tens of per cent vanadium. Vanadium can be extracted from fuel ashes. A considerable amount of vanadium production is based on the extraction of converter slag in the steel industry, which can contain 2-10% (Michels, 1973) or even 25% (NAS 1974) vanadium pentoxide. Vanadium is usually manufactured by converting the vanadium minerals to a water- soluble form (Levanto, 1969). 

Smelting to produce matte, discard slag and a high lead fume, also containing any other volatile elements, such as arsenic. The matte can then be converted in the same or a separate furnace to produce blister copper, converter slag and fiime of the general assay shown in Table VII. 

In Figure 6, a SEM picture is given which focusses on the reaction rim around a grain of blast furnace slag. An analysis by EDX reveals that, within this zone, goethite must have reacted with the blast furnace slag and the converter slag to form a complex metal oxide/hydroxide compound. 

Kang WH, Hwang I, Park JY (2006) Dechlorination of trichloroethylene by a steel converter slag amended with Fe (II). Chemosphere 62 285-293... 

The converter slag is typically higher in copper content, and requires slag treatment (Table II) [6], The flue gases from this step require processing in the sulfuric acid plant. The copper melt is sent to anode casting and then on to electrolysis. 

The possibility of using Aswan clay combined with industrial waste products, e.g., blast-furnace slag and air-water cooled converter slag, has been investigated with the assistance of thermal analysis The results... 

Figure 20. DTA thermograms of blast-furnace slag Aswan clay and converter slag.t ...

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