Controlled thermonuclear reactions

E. Tamm and A. D. Sakharov, in M. A. Leontovich, ed.. Plasma Physics and the Problem of Controlled Thermonuclear Reactions, Vol. 1, Pergamon Press, New York, 1961. 

On the basis of the presented oscillator-wave model it is also possible to create heuristic models of the interaction of electromagnetic waves with plasma particles in the Earth s ionosphere and magnetosphere, heuristic models of the generation of powerful low-frequency waves in the space around the Earth when a cosmic electromagnetic background is present etc. High-efficient sub-millimeter emitter, built on this basis, could be suitable for radio-physical heating of plasma, e.g. in the experiments aimed the achievement of controlable thermonuclear reaction [ ] ... 

S. Glasstone and R. H. Lovberg, Controlled Thermonuclear Reactions D. Van Nostrand, New York, 1960. 

L.A. Artsimovich, Controlled Thermonuclear Reactions, Fizmatgiz, Moscow, 1963 (in Russian). 

An operating CTR (Controlled Thermonuclear Reaction) device produces an extremely reactive chemical environment, the most important aspect of which is the highly reducing atmosphere resulting from the active forms of hydrogen that are produced. These can react readily both with adsorbed species and with the material of the wall itself. The former is expected to be more limited in magnitude, since it is restricted to monolayer quantities. The problem of reaction with adsorbed species would de-... 

Because of the high temperatures needed and the problems encountered in confining a plasma of ions and electrons at these temperatures, many efforts in research and development are necessary until production of energy by controlled thermonuclear reactions on a technical scale becomes possible. 

Hashimoto et al. [ ] have described a multifilamentary NbaSn superconductor produced by heat treatment of a composite consisting of niobium cores and a two-component matrix of pure copper and a high-tin bronze (Sn-20 wt.% Cu). The technical feasibility and economic advantages of this technique have been evaluated in the present study. This study included consideration of the likely cost per A m and the overall current densities achievable with this new conductor design. Particular attention was devoted to high current (10 kA at 12 T) conductors suitable for application in magnets intended for experimental controlled thermonuclear reaction devices, such as the Fusion Engineering Research Facility (FERF) [ ] at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory and the tokamak-type experimental reactors. 

Raffray AR (2007) Fusion Sci Technol 54 725 Roth J, BohdanskyJ, Wilson KL (1982) Erosion of carbon due to bombardment with energetic ions at temperatures up to 2000 K. J Nucl Mater 111-112 775-780 Sakharov AD (1951) In Leontovich MA (ed, 1958) Plasma physics and the problem of controlled thermonuclear reactions. English translation Pergamon, 1961, Oxford... 

B. A. Trubnikov and A. E. Bazhanova, i "Physics of Plasma and the Problem of Controlled Thermonuclear Reactions," A. M. Leontovich, ed.. Academic Press,... 

SAKHAROV, ANDREI DMITRIYEVICH (1921-1989). Russian physicist. Sakharov described himself as the father of the Soviet hydrogen bomb. His work on controlled thermonuclear reactions was essential to successful development of this bomb. Sakharov is better known, however, for his efforts to promote human rights and world peace. His outspoken views in this regard resulted in his arrest in 1980 by Soviet authorities, who exiled him from Moscow to Gorky (now Nizhny Novgorod), Russia. His efforts were recognized internationally, most visibly by his selection for the 1975 Nobel Peace Prize. See also JOE. 

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