Control growth plates

Figure 11.3 Studies in mutant mice, (a) Image of mineral to matrix in the growth plate of a young mouse lacking matrix gla protein (MGP—/—) and its wildtype control (MGP+/+). Note the gradient of mineral matrix ratios in the wildtype is not apparent in the knockout, (b) Mineral matrix increases at three sites in the cortices of the osteocalcin knockout (KO) mouse (6 month data), while crystallinity is decreased relative to wildtype (WT) controls, (c) In the osteonectin knockout mouse (4 months old) the collagen maturity assessed in terms of the 1660 1690 peak area ratio is increased on the periosteal and endosteal surface.

Thirty-seven weeks after ovariectomy, marked decreases of 73% (p <. 01) and 77% (p <. 01) in trabecular bone volume and trabecular bone number (data not shown), respectively, were observed at 1 to 5 mm of the growth plate metaphyseal junction of the proximal tibia. Simultaneously, a marked increase in trabecular bone separation from a control value in intact rats of 262 19 to 1486 236 pm (p <. 01) was observed in OVX animals. Treatment with 1 mg/kg of EM-800 and raloxifene resulted in 68% (p<. 01) and 64% (p <. 01) reversals, respectively, of the decrease in trabecular bone volume caused by ovariectomy. In fact, treatment with EM-800 and raloxifene at the daily 1 mg/kg dose increased trabecular bone volume of the proximal tibia from a control value of 5.8 0.9% in OVX animals to 16.4 0.4% and 15.8 1.0%, respectively. These stimulatory effects are not statistically different from the 53% reversal achieved with E2. At the lowest dose used (0.01 mg/kg), EM-800 already reversed by 34% (p <. 01) the elfect of OVX whereas raloxifene had no detectable effect. The administration of 0.1 mg/kg of EM-800 and raloxifene, on the other hand, resulted in 40% (p <. 01) and 24% (p <. 05) reversals, respectively, of the decrease in trabecular bone volume caused by OVX. 

In the review [2004Tak], two models of the overall kinetics of the bainite transformation, one of which is the diffusion controlled growth model of the bainitic laths and the other is the nucleation of bainite ferrite plates controlled model, have been discussed. It was shown that formation and competition of bainitic ferrite and cementite can be predicted quantitatively. 

A suspension of 10 bacteria has been incubated onto each UV sterilized titanium substrate (and onto sterile substrates as control) for 24 h at 37 °C. Then, bacteria have been serially diluted and plated on agar. After 24 h at 37 °C bacterial viability has been calculated setting to 100 % the control growth (bacteria grown onto sterile substrates) and comparing bacterial number onto the bare coatings and onto silver-loaded coatings. 

When the closed vessel is heated to 390°C bottom and 330°C top, the resulting pressure is 170 MPa (25,000 psi) and a single fluid fills the vessel. It dissolves nutrient at the bottom and flows by convection, controlled by a baffle, to the upper region, where growth occurs at the lower temperature. A typical 4 cm x 152 cm x 1 mm thick seed plate grows to a 5-cm thickness in about 3 weeks in a 3-m long production vessel. 

C. After a specific time, the culture plate is inspected. If there is little or no growth around a disk, the bacteria is said to be sensitive to that antibiotic. That antibiotic is considered a drug that will control the infection. 

To test their inhibitory power, the powders may be dusted onto the surfaee of seeded agar plates, using the inert diluent as a control and noting the extent of growth. 

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