Contrast superparamagnetic

Sitharaman B, Kissell KR, Hartman KB, Tran LA, Baikalov A, Rusakova I, Sun Y, Khant HA, Ludtke SJ, Chiu W, Laus S, Toth E, Helm L, Merbach AE, Wilson LJ (2005) Superparamagnetic gadonanotubes are high-performance MRI contrast agents. Chem. Commun. 31 3915-3917. 

Most clinically used nanoparticle contrast agents are iron-oxide based and are grouped into two categories Superparamagnetic iron oxides (SPIOs) are between 500 nm and 50 nm, and ultra-small SPIOs (USPIOs), which are smaller than 50 nm. 

After the advent of MR systems with powerful gradient hardware, dynamic scans with a repetition rate of at least one image or image stack per 2 s have become possible. By use of such sequences it has become feasible to visualize the transit of a bolus of paramagnetic or superparamagnetic contrast agent through the brain (Moseley et al. 1990 Rosen et al. 1990). For DSC, the bolus is injected intravenously. 

Haraldseth O, Jones RA, Muller TB, Fahlvik AK, Oksendal AN. Comparison of dysprosium DTPA BMA and superparamagnetic iron oxide particles as susceptibility contrast agents for perfusion imaging of regional... 

Yeh T-C, Zhang W, lldstad ST, Ho C (1993) Intracellular labeling of T-cells with superparamagnetic contrast agents. MRM (Magnetic Resonance in Medicine) 30 617-625 Yelon A, Movaghar B (1990) Microscopic explanation of the compensation (Meyer-Neldel) mle. Phys Rev Lett 65 618-620... 

Lawaczeck R, Menzel M, Pietsch H (2004) Superparamagnetic iron oxide particles contrast media for magnetic resonance imaging. Appl Organometal Chem 18 506-513... 

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