Contrast scanning probe microscopy

DNA can be examined in the solution phase, in contrast with crystallographic or scanning probe microscopy approaches... 

Sturm H, Schulz E, Atomic force microscopy with simultaneous ac conductivity contrast for the analysis of carbon fibre surfaces. Composites Part A—Appl Sci Manuf, 27(9), 677-684, 1996. Zhdan PA, Grey D, Castle JE, Surface structure of the PAN based carbon fibers studied by the scanning probe microscopy (SPM), 22(1-12), 290-295, 1994. 

Optical microscopy Phase contrast microscopy Polarized light microscopy Scanning electron microscopy Scanning ion conductance microscope Scanning probe microscopy Scanning thermal profiler... 

In the present chapter, we discuss the principles and techniques commonly used for observing biological surface structures, including optical microscopy (light microscopy, laser scanning confocal microscopy), electron microscopy (scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy), and scanning probe microscopy. We describe and contrast the sample preparation of each technique. Quantitative data analysis as well as the limitations of each technique is also addressed. 

TERS would be impossible without STM [48] and/or AFM [49]. It certainly profits from the instrumental developments in scanning probe microscopy and Raman microscopy. In principle, a TERS setup can be built on the basis of well-developed and commercially available techniques. The endeavor is an efficient coupling of both techniques in order to increase the contrast between enhanced and unen-hanced/background signal and maintain the setup stability required for a lateral resolution far below the optical diffraction limit. A transmission TERS setup [50] is sketched in Figure 11.2. 

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