Continuous fermentation closed systems

In the pharmaceutical industry, the reactors are closed to maintain aseptic conditions, and agitation and aeration are provided as needed. The classic example is the Monod chemostat, often found in laboratories. A representative chemostat, fermentation vessel, or bioreactor, is shown in Fig. 2 with an air sparger, agitator, and feed or exit streams. The continuous flow system is usually replaced by a batch process for production in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. The general relationships for a constant volume system are developed in terms of cell concentration (A), often the component of interest, and substrate concentration (5), such as a sugar or oxygen. 

From the preceding analyses it is apparent that the behavior of reactor systems is more closely linked to the operation of the fermenter chamber than to operation of the reservoir. Therefore, the first step in designing a dialysis culture is to choose between the security and flexibility of batch cultures and the uniformity and economy of continuous techniques. 

Ding W W, Wu XT,Tang X Y,Yuab L, Xia Z Y (2011), Continuous ethanol fermentation in a closed-circulating system nsing an immobilized cell coupled with PDMS membrane pervaporation, / Chem. Technol. BiotechnoL,S6,82-. ... 

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