Continuous distillation process description

If the process requirement is to strip a volatile component from a relatively non-volatile solvent, the rectifying section may be omitted, and the column would then be called a 

In some operations, where the top product is required as a vapour, only sufficient liquid is condensed to provide the reflux flow to the column, and the condenser is referred to as a partial condenser. When the liquid is totally condensed, the liquid returned to the column will have the same composition as the top product. In a partial condenser the reflux will be in equilibrium with the vapour leaving the condenser. Virtually pure top and bottom products can be obtained in a single column from a binary feed, but where the feed contains more than two components, only a single pure product can be produced, either from the top or bottom of the column. Several columns will be needed to separate a multicomponent feed into its constituent parts. 

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In this chapter the simulation examples are presented. They are preceded by a short description of simulation tools and the MADONNA program in particular. As seen from the Table of Contents, the examples are organised according to thirteen application areas Batch Reactors, Continuous Tank Reactors, Tubular Reactors, Semi-Continuous Reactors, Mixing Models, Tank Flow Examples, Process Control, Mass Transfer Processes, Distillation Processes, Heat Transfer, Biological Process Examples and Environmental Process Examples. There are aspects of some examples that make them relevant to more than one application area, and this is usually apparent from their titles. Within each section, the examples are listed in order of their degree of difficulty. 

Phillip s Petroleum Company has been most successful in preparing initiators soluble in systems relatively free of ethers. They accomplished this by carrying out the polymerization in separate stages. An initiator such as 1-methyl naphthalene was reacted with lithium in diethyl ether for 40 h at — 15°C. A slurry was obtained. This mixture was then solubilized by adding an amount of a diene monomer calculated to give a polymer chain 4 to 10 units in length. Dienes employed were isoprene, butadiene, or 2,3-dimethylbutadiene. This first portion of polymer contained a substantial vinyl content. The ether was then distilled from the solubilized initiator and replaced by cyclohexane. Polymerization was continued by addition of the major portion of the monomer to the solubilized initiator. The best description of Phillip s processes are in U.S. Patent 3,274,147, 1967, by Zelinky et al. and in British Patent 921,803, 1963. 

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