Continuous carrier irradiator

In the domain of contract sterilization, continuous processing in cobalt-60 radiation facilities has proved to be economically competitive with other sterilization methods, especially in the area of medical devices and packaging. When using a continuous carrier irradiator as described by Masefield et al., the materials are loaded onto the carriers and introduced into the irradiation chamber on a timed sequence. The carriers make four passes around the source, stopping at each carrier position for a certain time before being shuttled to the next position. The throughput is a function of the radiation dose required, the density of the device,... 

Continuous Dye Fixation with Microwaves. The moist fabric padded with dye liquor is irradiated with microwaves in the presence of vapor. The addition of urea or carrier is recommended for rapid diffusion of the dyes [130, 131],... 

It was also assumed that the light irradiance I obeys exponential decay characteristics due to absorption of light by the solid photocatalyst. To describe the concentration of surface charge carriers for the above model, the continuity equation (eq. 5.124) was rewritten under steady-state conditions as expressed by eq. 5.128... 

Fig. 14. Data illustrating effect of 7-irradiation on the methanation of carbon dioxide over supported Ru catalysts comprising ruthenium on alumina (Ru/Al) or ruthenium in molecular sieve (Ru/M). Effects of 7-irradiation at the indicated temperature on the growth of methane product observed from a continuous flow of C02 in a H2 carrier gas over (i) Ru/M and (ii) Ru/Al. Note the growth in methane yields from C02—H2 reaction at different temperatures as a function of 7 dose and its decay with time subsequent to removal of the catalyst from the 7-source.

After irradiation the sample was dissolved in hydrochloric acid. A known amount of all the lanthanides (0.5-1 mg. each) and 10 mg. of barium were added, the cerium was oxidized and subsequently reduced to ensure complete exchange of carrier and cerium activity, and the lanthanides were separated and purified as a group using a series of fiuoride and hydroxide precipitations. The final hydroxide precipitate was dissolved in dilute hydrochloric acid and adsorbed to 80 mg. of Dowex 50. The resin was transferred to the top of an ion exchange column (Dowex 50X12, NH4 -form, settling rate 0.5-1.5 cm./min.), and the lanthanides were eluted using a-hydroxy-isobutyric acid and continu-... 

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