Continous flow velocity

We summarize the results of several plume simulations for a small craton, using the approach of Sleep (1997). We then analyse the effect of plume material emplacement beneath cratonic keels and channels of different dimensions. This work presents new simulations of plume flow beneath the African continent that include deep keels beneath Archaean cratons, which were not considered in the simple models of Ebinger Sleep (1998). Flow velocities and strains predicted from our preferred model allow us to estimate the magnitude and direction of SKS splitting by plume flow around a cratonic keel. These patterns are then compared with SKS splitting patterns from normal mantle flow around a keel (e.g. Fouch et al. 1999). 

In this case ignition occnrs on the downstream side of the flame arrester. If the velocity of the gas is less than the flame speed, the flame stabilizes on the flame arrester and continnes to heat it nntil the gas flow is stopped or the flame is qnenched by other means. Continned heating conld canse ignition of the gas on the opposite side of the flame arrester. 

K in a gas flow of 100 ml/min (or a space velocity of 7 000 frO. This period was followed by 13 min exposure of pure Ar at 373 K. The first 10 minutes in the samples were exposed to a gas flow of 1000 ml/min and the last three minutes they were exposed to a gas flow of 100 ml/min. The low exposure during the 3 min period were performed in order to reach the background level of SO2 concentration and to stabilize the temperature at the TPR start temperature. The TPR-sequence was then conducted in a gas flow of 4% H2 in Ar at 100 ml/min with a linear temperature increase of 0.2 K/second from 373K to 973 K. The low gas velocity was chosen in order to enhance the detection of desorbed sulfur species. SO2, H2S, O2 and H2O were continously recorded during the TPR sequence. 

Columns with gas distributor (porous sintered plate, perforated plate, sieve tray, spigots, nozzles), gas flows cocurrently or counter-currently through a continous liquid phase in form of bubbles or gas jets homogenous (quasi-laminar) bubble flow, is characterized by a large interfacial area and little backmixing with equal bubbles at a superficial gas velocity Wg < 0.05 m/s. Bubble coalescence to form larger bubble, bubble splits, heterogenous (turbulent) bubble flow may be observed at Wg > 0.05 m/s. = 1 m/s gas load-... 

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