Continental waters element chemistry

Differentiation of other terrestrial planets must have varied in important ways from that of the Earth, because of differences in chemistry and conditions. For example, in Chapter 13, we learned that the crusts of the Moon and Mars are anorthosite and basalt, respectively - both very different from the crust of the Earth. N either has experienced recycling of crust back into the mantle, because of the absence of plate tectonics, and neither has sufficient water to help drive repeated melting events that produced the incompatible-element-rich continental crust (Taylor and McLennan, 1995). The mantles of the Moon and Mars are compositionally different from that of the Earth, although all are ultramafic. Except for these bodies, our understanding of planetary differentiation is rather unconstrained and details are speculative. 

Sources contributing to the composition of inorganic aerosols near the ocearir-atmosphere interface are the oceans themselves, continental dust, volcanic ash, atmospheric production of particulates, and, to lesser extents, human activity and extraterrestrial inputs. Characteristic elements and elemental ratios can be used to determine some of these sources and detect ion fractionation at the sea-air interface. Rain water chemistry is not always simply related to that of the marine aerosol. 

---