Continental Advance Section

The Klauda and Sandler (2005) model is state-of-the-art as discussed in detail in Section 7.23.2.1 on hydrate formation. The model represents a singular advance because it alone enables prediction of 68 of the 71 occurrences of hydrates, with explanations for the three exceptions. The large amount of hydrates predicted by Klauda and Sandler includes both very deep hydrates and very dispersed hydrates, many of which are not accounted for by the other models or discovered by sampling due to dissociation. When only continental hydrates are considered, Klauda and Sandler predict 4.4 x 1016 m3 (STP) of gas in hydrates, an estimate larger than those of Kvenvolden (1988) or Makogon (1997). 

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