Construction of Ionic Bonds by Click-Clack

Note that the ions have unit charges and the stoichiometry is 1 1. The reason for that is that by gaining the electron pair to itself, the Cl anion has attained an octet. What about Na+ The atom Na has 11 electrons, which are arranged as 2 electrons in the deeper shell, 8 in the second shell, and only 1 in the frontier shell. Thus, by loss of an electron, the resulting ion Na+ has attained an octet in the exposed second electronic shell, which now becomes the frontier shell. Any other stoichiometry or different charges would have violated the rule of Nirvana and so these do not occur. 

SCHEME 8.4 Complex ions (a) The anions P04 , 804 , and C03 . (b) The complex cation NH4+ and its construction by clicking ammonia and a proton, where ammonia donates both electrons to form a bond. 

---