Constant overall

MA( , ) + A. MA n-[MA( , )][A] Ky, Kfy being called the step-wise stability constants. Overall stability constants, designated may be evaluated by multiplication of the individual stability constants, e.g. 

High purity (here meaning a selected range of homologs, a low content of impurities, and a constant overall composition)... 

Overall platelet dimensions of mineral aurichalcite did not appear to change during calcination, but became polycrystalline and porous. By dark field Imaging in the TEM, the ZnO particles were observed to be uniformly and highly dispersed. The porosity can be accounted for by the approximately threefold increase in density of Zn atoms upon decomposition of aurichalcite to ZnO. For this density change to occur with a constant overall platelet volume, pores must form. 

Specific heat Molar flow of inert air Equilibrium constant Overall mass transfer capacity coefficient base on the gas phase Molar flow of solute-free water Pressure Density... 

A constant overall heat-transfer coefficient in each pass. 

The approach introduced by E. A. Guggenheim and employed by H. S. Harned, G. Akerlof, and other authors, especially for a mixture of two electrolytes, is based on the Br0nsted assumption of specific ion interactions in a dilute solution of two electrolytes with constant overall concentration, the interaction between ions with charges of the same sign is non-specific for the type of ion, while interaction between ions with opposite charges is specific. 

These relationships are termed the Harned rules and have been verified experimentally up to high overall molality values (e.g. for a mixture of HC1 and KC1 up to 2 mol-kg-1). If this linear relationship between the logarithm of the activity coefficient of one electrolyte and the molality of the second electrolyte in a mixture with constant overall molality is not fulfilled, then a further term is added, including the square of the appropriate molality ... 

The linearity leads to another important conclusion a constant field for a constant current implies a constant overall conductivity throughout the film. Since the conductivity is very structure sensitive, this implies also that either (i) the film grows homogeneously... 

The decisive influence of the current density on the electrode reactions - including their selectivity - has been discussed in Sect. 2.3.2.1. Therefore, a uniform current density on the entire electrode area usually is indispensable. Precondition is a sufficiently constant overall cell resistance - of the electrodes, the electrolytes, and the cell separator - for every point of the electrode area. This needs satisfactory conductivities of the electrode materials and adequately dimensioned, symmetrical current feeders. For a constant electrolyte resistance, the electrodes have to be mounted parallel. This becomes more and more important... 

In addition, the molar mass (which is proportional to the intrinsic viscosity, [t]]. Tab. 6.17) of the copolymer decreases with increasing potential in the silent system, whereas in the sonicated case it is effectively constant. Overall ultrasound also appears to produce a more uniform reaction system in that in the silent system the reactivity ratio (determined by infra red spectroscopy) increases with electrode potential, whilst under sonication it remains fairly constant. 

Figure 4.3 illustrates how the lateral interactions and the surface interactions can sum to a nearly constant overall adsorption energy up to completion of the monolayer, an implicit assumption of the BET theory. This results in a constant C value from equation (4.22)... 

A limitation of the methods described so far is that they have assumed a constant overall yield coefficient and do not allow the endogenous respiration coefficient kd (or alternatively the maintenance coefficient, m) to be evaluated. Equation 5.54 shows that the overall yield, as measured when monitoring a batch reactor, is affected by the growth rate and has the greatest impact when the growth rate is low. Consequently, it is desirable to be able to estimate the values of kd or m, so that the yield coefficient reflects the true growth yield. An equivalent method would be one where the specific rates of formation of biomass and consumption of substrate were determined independently, again without the assumption of a constant overall yield-coefficient. 

Mass transfer coefficients Boltzman s constant Overall mass transfer coefficient Length or thickness Total solute mass in pulse Total flux of species 1 ... 

Table 3. Rate constant, overall activation energies, and half-life periods of the copolymerization of the TCNQ-St, TNAP-St, TGNQF4-St, and TCNQ(CN)2-St Systems...

Different block length distributions in SBS and (SB)X block polymers and their mixtures can cause wide changes in domain morphology at constant overall monomer composition, which lead to characteristically different linear viscoelastic properties. 

The pulse sequence is shown in Fig. 12.7. This sequence represents a constant time experiment and differs from those that we have seen in that the total evolution time comprises two variable periods. As <, is incremented, one period increases but the other decreases to retain a constant overall evolution time, A. The 180° pulse refocuses chemical shifts at the end of the 1, period, but they then precess as... 

Hydration enthalpy Stability or formation constant Overall and stepwise stability constants Chelate effect Macrocyclic effect Preorganization Equilibrium template effect Kinetic template effect Self-assembly... 

The model is one-dimensional over a spherical, dry cellulose panicle. The particle is supposed to expose to an inert, high-temperature environment of a fluidized-bed subject to an intense heating immediately. A typical constant overall heat transfer coefficient is adopted. 

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