Conductivity Measurements and Impedance Spectroscopy IS

In 1988, the so-called size induced metal insulator transition (SIMIT) was described. [97] It will be observed if the volume of a metal partide is reduced to such an extent that size dependent quantization effects occur. This is the beginning of the metal to semiconductor transition found at the very end of metallic behavior or, coming from the molecular state, the onset of metallic behavior. Hie SIMIT is already effective in 20 nm particles. Due to this quantization effect, standing electron waves with discrete energy levels are formed. 

The Debye process 2 must be interpreted as an intracluster step which is coupled with the intercluster process 1. The immitance spectra show this Debye process as a sharp resonance, whereas the intercluster Cole-Cole process causes a 

There seems to be a simple phase relation between the macroscopic frequency applied to the duster sample and the microscopic frequency of the two electrons within the cluster cores Vd macro = 21 jt Vd micro (D = Debye). Using the macroscopic frequency Vj, for the Debye process a microscopic frequency of 10 -10  

Sudi protdems may not exist with QSET devices. Thus, [Au55(PPh3)i2Q6] is a miniaturized tunneling contact, it functions at room temperature, and furthermore / = 7 i = 6 X 10 A. The energy difference between the ground state and 

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