Conductivity active site

Fig. 7. Schematic representation of enzyme covalently bound to a functionalized conductive polymer where ( ) represents the functional group on the polymer and (B) the active site on the enzyme (42). Courtesy of the American Chemical Society.

A lithium anode mixed with conductive particles of Cu or Ni was studied by Saito et al. they obtained an improvement in the cycling efficiency (Fig.6) [80]. Their idea is based on the recombination of dead lithium and formation of many active sites for deposition. 

The propane aromatization was conducted under the differential condition by using Ga203/Ga-MOR catalysts thus characterized. The contributions of L, HI, and H2 sites to the propane conversion and the aromatics formation were estimated by assuming that the observed reaction rates are the sum of the reaction rate on each site which is equal to the product of the turnover frequency (TFij) and the amount of active sites per weight of catalyst (Aj) ... 

The high specific activity of enzymes and tfie tfieoretical possibility of using them to conduct electrochemical reactions are topics of great scientific interest. However, it is difficult to envisage prospects for a practical nse of enzymes for an acceleration and intensification of industrial electrode processes. The difficulty resides in the fact that enzymes are rather large molecnles, and on the surface of an enzyme electrode, fewer active sites are available than on other electrodes. Per unit snrface area, therefore, the effect expected from the nse of enzymes is somewhat rednced. 

All important electronically conducting polymers, except perhaps for polyacetylene, can be prepared electrochemically by anodic oxidation of the monomers. The reaction is initiated by splitting off two hydrogen atoms from the monomer molecule (H—M—H), which subsequently polymerizes by interconnecting thus activated sites ... 

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