Condenser, Liebig modifications

The type of double surface condenser most often found in laboratories is the Davies improved double surface condenser which appeared in 1905, and was designed by J. Davies of A. Gallenkamp Co. as a direct development from Thresh s modification of the Bidet condenser. All rubber bungs and tubing were eliminated in the Davies condenser, which has retained its popularity for 50 years. To make a condenser of this kind the inner water jacket is connected to the outer one by two internal seals wWch are made by a sli t modification of Method 2 described on p. 75. The rest of the assembly is similar to that for an ordinary Liebig condenser. 

Allihn condenser. The inner tube of a Liebig condenser is modified by having a series of bulbs to increase the condensing surface. Further modifications of the bubble shapes give the Julian and Allihn-Kronbitter condensers. 

There are many different designs of condenser available, and the type used depends upon the nature of the reaction involved. The most common designs of condenser are the Liebig condenser (Fig. 9.25a), the coil condenser (Fig. 9.25b), the double-jacketed coil condenser (Fig. 9.25c), and the cold-finger condenser (Fig. 9.25d). Other condensers available tend to be simple modifications of these three types. 

Modifications of the Condenser.—For liquids boiling above the ordinary temperature, but below about 170 , the straight Liebig s condenser is employed. If a liquid boils at a higher temperature than 170°, there would be dapger of fracture if the glass delivery tube were cooled by water. 

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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ ]

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