Condensation reactions, definition electronic effects

The term ionization may refer to different processes depending on the context. For radiation effects in the gas phase, it usually implies the removal of the least bound electron to infinity. Such a theoretical definition is not feasible in the condensed phase and it is necessary use a heuristic or operational procedure. Thus, in liquid hydrocarbons, one may use the electron scavenging reaction or a conductivity current to quantify the electrons liberated from molecules. It has only been possible to extrapolate the conductivity current at a low irradiation dose and at a relatively low external field to saturation in the cases of liquefied... 

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