Concentric glass nebulizer

Sample Introduction Samples can be introduced into the ICP by argon flowing at about 1 L/min through the central quartz tube. The sample can be an aerosol, a thermally generated vapor, or a fine powder. The most common means of sample introduction is the concentric glass nebulizer shown in Figure 28-9. The sample is transported to the tip by the Bernoulli effect. This transport process is called aspiration. The high-velocity gas breaks up the liquid into fine droplets of various sizes, which are then carried into the plasma. 

Fig. 40. Pneumatic nebulizers for plasma spectrometry. A concentric glass nebulizer, B cross-flow nebulizer, C Babington nebulizer, D fritted-disk nebulizer. (Reprinted with permission from Ref. [95].)...

A type of concentric glass nebulizer which is operated at pressures of several tens of bars is known as a high efficiency nebulizer (HEN) [110]. More recently micro-... 

Fig. 49. Particle size distributions of pneumatic nebulizers for ICP. MAK, high-pressure cross-flow nebulizer CGN, concentric glass nebulizer JAB, Jarrell—Ash Babington nebulizer JAC, Jarrell—.Ash fixed cross-flow nebulizer (Reprinted with permission from Ref. [139].)...

Liver NIST SRM Ce Hg Pb digest [WDC] hard-type concentric glass nebulizer and Fassel-type torch [ICP-MS] MS] (1994)... 

Concentric nebulizers date back more than a century, to Gouy [75], and in principle are selfaspirating. They can be made of metal, plastic, or glass. In atomic absorption spectrometry. Pt-lr capillaries are often used to allow the aspiration of highly acid solutions. In plasma atomic spectrometry, concentric glass nebulizers (Meinhard) 74] are well known. They use a rather lower gas flow (1-2 L/min) than atomic absorption types (up to 5 L/min). In both cases, aspiration rates are 1-2 mL/min and aerosol efficiencies 2-5%. Direct injection nebulizers are a useful alternative for the introduction of small-volume samples [76]. 

A) Concentric glass nebulizer [741 B) Cross-flow nebulizer C) Babinglon nebulizer D) Fritted-disk nebulizer... 

Concentric glass nebulizer with Scott spray chamber. Ultrasonic nebulizer with desolvation. 

Nebulizer—The use of a high-solids nebulizer is optional but strongly recommended. This type of nebulizer minimizes the probability of clogging. A concentric glass nebulizer can also be used. 

---