Computer-assisted discussion

Working down this list, we see more innovative approaches. The unmanned option using computer assisted operation (discussed in Section 11.2) would improve safety of personnel and reduce operating cost. This is an example of innovation and the use of technology by the engineer, and is driven by an awareness of safety. 

Artificial lift techniques are discussed in Section 9.6. During production, the operating conditions of any artificial lift technique will be optimised with the objective of maximising production. For example, the optimum gas-liquid ratio will be applied for gas lifting, possibly using computer assisted operations (CAO) as discussed in Section 11.2. Artificial lift may not be installed from the beginning of a development, but at the point where the natural drive energy of the reservoir has reduced. The implementation of artificial lift will be justified, like any other incremental project, on the basis of a positive net present value (see Section 13.4). 

It is our pleasure to thank Dr. Don Nicholson for computational assistance and valuable discussions. The authors benefited from the NATO travel grant No 890816.The research of two of the authors (D.Z. and A.N.A) was partially benefited from collaborations within, and has been partially funded by, the Human Capital and Mobility Network on Ab-Initio (from electronic structure) calculation of complex processes in materials (contract ERBCHRXCT930369). 

A selection of these physical constants for pyrroles, furans and thiophenes is included in Table 32 of Chapter 2.4 and trends are discussed there (Section 2.4.4.1.1), together with data for five-membered rings containing two or more heteroatoms. A computer-assisted QSPR method has been proposed for predicting the normal boiling point for new furans, tetrahydrofurans, and thiophenes (91JCI301, 98JCI28). 

By marrying molecular dynamics to transition state theory, these questionable assumptions can be dispensed with, and one can simulate a relaxation process involving bottlenecks rigorously, assuming only 1) classical mechanics, and 2) local equilibrium within the reactant and product zones separately. For simplicity we will first treat a situation in which there is only one bottleneck, whose location is known. Later, we will consider processes involving many bottlenecks, and will discuss computer-assisted heuristic methods for finding bottlenecks when their locations are not known a priori. 

Recent techniques for detailed mapping and elucidation of processes occurring in pyrotechnic flames have incorporated computer assisted analysis. Ref 66 discusses the implementation of computer automated high speed mapping techniques and optical scanning as applied to spectroscopic analysis of transient combustion and pyrot processes. The considerations involved in the further development of exptl hardware and software have also been discussed... 

The objective of this report is to discuss with the help of an illustrative example, the applicability of computer-assisted methods to the development of pesticide formulations. The example describes the process of planning and conducting a study to obtain an empirical equation which correlates the suspensibility of a wettable powder with its composition. 

In this chapter the third level of computer-assisted HPLC—the use of expert systems (like Drylab [1], AutoChrom [2], and ChromSword [3]) for effective method development— is discussed. 

The matching of outcrop samples with debitage and other artifactual material is an ideal problem for computer-assisted pattern recognition techniques (8). The use of ARTHUR for the analysis of the soapstone from Labrador will be discussed in a future publication, but the important parameters for comparing soapstone are given in Table II. For this table, the samples from a given quarry were taken as one or two groups. The... 

Because CBER has had very limited experience with computer-assisted PLA reviews, this discussion focuses On CDER. 

This chapter attempts to summarize the important applications of digital, and, in certain cases, analog computers to thermal analysis instrumentation. No attempt has been made to make it comprehensive in scope, due to the voluminous literature on this subject. Instead, it is hoped that the discussion will provide a background on the general subject of computerization of TA techniques and an insight into what to expect from commercially available computer-assisted instruments. The latter subject changes at very short-time intervals due to the rapid advances in the technology of small computers. 

---