Composite Carbon-silicate Electrodes CCEs

Lev and co-workers developed the composite carbon-silicate electrode (CCE)... 

Carbon-ceramic composite electrodes (CCEs) and the closely related metal-sihcate electrodes are comprised of carbon or metal dispersion in sol-gel derived silicates or Or-mocers. In this construction the silicate serves as a porous binder for the conductive dispersion. The conductive component is added as powders, nanoparticles, or nanotubes whose particle size ranges between sub-millimeter and a few nanometers. The initial intention was to provide improved conductivity by the interconnected conductive powder, but soon, other favorable attributes of the metal-sihcate hybrids were discovered, including improved catalytic reactivity, biological compatibility, and control of the thickness of the wetted section of the electrodes in aqueous electrolyte. Since the metal silicate and graphite silicate call for different preparation protocols they are addressed separately. 

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