Communication systems, method transfer process

Increases in processor speeds and storage capacity allowed these system to acquire and process data rapidly. Many fourth-generation systems became nodes in laboratory computer UMS networks. They communicate with host computers to receive instructions for analyses and for transferring results. Programs and values of parameters for specific analytical methods can be stored in memory and recalled by the analyst as needed. While the analyst found interaction with these systems easier, he or she became further removed from the system components and often more dependent on the vendor s software. Tailoring requirements to individual user requirements was often not viable with this approach. 

Usually, a number of extrapolations are needed for a single assessment. In many cases, bioavailability is an issue of concern, as well as others such as mixture extrapolation and extrapolation from 1 level of organization to the other (e.g., species-community extrapolation). When the need for various extrapolations has been established, and the techniques listed, one can fill out the generalized tiered system with the selected methods that are conceptually consistent (e.g., statistics based or mechanism based), thereby addressing the assessment problem with a certain degree of specificity. Moreover, the system can be considered technically consistent, in that the efforts spent in each tier are roughly equivalent. For example, using transfer functions to control for bioavailability is an empirical statistics-based process,... 

Laboratory management must provide a method of assuring the integrity of all data. Communication, transfer, manipulation, and the storage/recall process all offer potential for data corruption. The demonstration of control necessitates the collection of evidence to prove that the system provides reasonable protection against data corruption. 

---