Command-line interface

Any real understanding of the success of DOS after 1987 requires knowledge of Windows. In the early years of its existence, Microsoft s DOS gained great acceptance and became a standard as a PC operating system. Even so, as computers became more powerful and programs more complex, the limitations of the DOS command-line interface were becoming apparent (as well as the aforementioned conventional memory limitation). 

COMMAND. COM Called the DOS shell or the command interpreter. It provides the command-line interface that the DOS user sees. This is usually, but not always, the C > prompt. 

MS-DOS Acronym for Microsoft Disk Operating System. MS-DOS, like other operating systems, allocates system resources (such as hard and floppy disks, the monitor, and the printer) to the applications programs that need them. MS-DOS is a single-user, single-tasking operating system, with either a command-line interface or a shell interface. 

Interactively using a text-oriented command line interface or a Windows interface with mouse interaction. 

Since the aim here is to develop simple electrochemical simulations, we will forgo any discussion of graphical user interfaces as this would introduce unnecessary complexity, and concentrate solely on developing command-line-interface-based programs. There are a wide variety of C++ compilers available for all operating systems and you should refer to the instructions provided with your compiler for the specific compilation procedure. 

However, the power of any particular screen reader is in the degree to which the other capabilities dictated by the use of the GUI are achieved. The fundamental differences in the ways that a text-only command-line interface (CLI) and a GUI provide output to the video screen present access problems for persons who are blind. These are related to both the ways in which internal control of the computer display is accomplished and the ways in which the GUI is employed by the computer user (Boyd et al., 1990). The CLI-type interfaces use a memory buffer to store text characters for display. Since all the displayed text can be represented by ASCII code, it is relatively easy to use a software program and to divert text from the screen to a speech synthesizer or Braille display. However, this type of screen reader is unable to provide access to charts, tables, or plots because of their graphic features. This type of system is also limited in the features that can be used with text. For example, features such as size, shape, and font or alternative graphic forms are not captured in standard ASCII text code. 

To print a file using a command-line interface rather than a graphical user interface, a user would have to type in the instruction print [/diPrinter] [Drive ] [Path] FileName [...]. HCI researchers have coined the term critical incident to describe times when a piece of technology makes a person feel frustrated, angry, or confused. Some 80 percent of computer users say frustrating experiences with their machines have led them to shout expletives out loud. 

The interactive method (right side of Figure 5) uses the command-line interface of NuSMV and alias commands. The model-checker finds a path to a catastrophic state as a counter-example to the safety property. The user chooses... 

This package does not need installation as such simply copy the whole folder onto your hard disk. Note that the CDP programs are designed to run under DOS (command-line interface) rather than Windows (but, see Sound Shaper below). You should understand DOS in order to set up the paths, etc. as outlined in the documentation. In order to run CDP under DOS, double click on the icon . 

The optional MATLAB PDF toolkit (doc pdetool), created by tiie developers of FEMLAB (www.comsol.com), has tools for forming meshes and solving simple PDEs in two dimensions, pdetool opens a graphical nser interface (GUI), in which we can draw the domain, mesh it, specify boundary conditions and PDE parameters, solve, and plot the solution. As tutorials are provided on die use of the GUI, here our focus is upon use of the command-line interface to access the functions of the PDE toolkit directly. 

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