Columnar morphology

As the substrate temperature increases, the surface mobUity increases and the stmctural morphology first transforms to that of Zone T, ie, tightly packed fibrous grains having weak grain boundaries, and then to a full density columnar morphology corresponding to Zone 2 (see Fig. 7). 

Fig. 14. Titanium carbide coating on graphite showing the nodular growth with a columnar morphology and the fracturing resulting from a coefficient of...

Prominent exceptions are studies on the liquid crystal phase formation and self-assembly of two-dimensional disc- or sheet-like nanomaterials such as the organization of nanodiscs or nanoplatelets into nematic, smectic, or columnar morphologies [263-270] (see Fig. 2 for an example of the self-assembly of nanoclay in aqueous suspensions) or the synthesis of CuCl nanoplatelets from ionic liquid crystal precursors as described by Taubert and co-workers [271-273]. 

FIGURE 7.34 Photomicrograph of compound 4 collected at 110°C following the solid-state transformation due to the loss of volatiles in columnar morphology. 

C is also thought to be the consequence of the columnar morphology and increased density (less porous nature) of the film due to the increased atomic mobility of carbon during deposition [1],... 

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