Cockroaches, pyrethroid resistance

Cross-resistance to pyrethroids for outdoor use has developed markedly in M. domestica, mosquitoes, cockroaches, and so on however, it has also been found that natural pyrethrins as well as d-allethrin and prallethrin (ETOC ), which have very similar chemical structures and the same configuration as natural pyrethrins, show an extremely low degree of cross-resistance development by these highly-resis-tant sanitary pests compared to photostable pyrethroids. Many novel synthetic pyrethroids recently developed as household insecticides have tended to pursue efficacy improvements in terms of rapid knock-down effects, residual efficacy or volatility. 

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