CNT applications

In this chapter, we will discuss electrochemical sensors based on CNTs. First, the properties and structures of CNTs, the preparation and purification of CNTs, and the advantages of electrochemical sensors based on CNTs are described, then, the fabrication of electrochemical sensors based on CNTs, applications of electrochemical sensors based on CNTs, and the spectroscopic characterization of CNT sensors are described. In conclusion, we will look into some aspects of the future direction for CNT sensors in clinical and biomedical research. 

Another complication in CNT applicability arises from the way the graphene sheet is rolled up to create the cylindrical structures, which is usually called helicity . Depending on the angle of the wrapping, three different structures (different helicities) can result (1) armchair, (2) chiral or (3) zigzag (Fig. 3.3). Such structures exhibit differ-... 

Even though an overwhelming number of CNT applications is currently being pursued, there is a long list of unsolved fundamental issues in the carbon-nanotube... 

For a variety of CNT applications, it is desirable to place the growing tubes in parallel on the substrate. There is a number of approaches to this aim that shall be presented in the following. 

The Tokyo University of Technology reports another CNT application in which they are dispersed with rubber materials in order to make them electrically conductive. The materials produced exhibit excellent volume resistivity. Potential applications include electrode materials, EMI shielding materials and antistatic agents. In the US, Hyperion Catalysis International has modified fluoropolymers with CNT to make them conductive. 

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