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Clustering of Gas Molecules on Ions and the Standard High-Field Effect

3 CLUSTERING OF GAS MOLECULES ON IONS AND THE STANDARD HIGH-FIELD EFFECT [Pg.74]

Clustering of gas molecules on ions greatly affects their mobility and thus has been topical to IMS since its early days, with focus on the declustering at higher T (1.3.8). When gas molecules adsorb on the ion starting from most [Pg.74]

The effect of clustering on high-field mobility may superficially seem nonstandard as it does not apparently affect K E/N) above a certain T depending on the ion/gas pair. However, the (de)clustering and the standard effect (2.2.3) are intimately related. Those are often viewed as unrelated (presumably additive) phenomena, but the capture of gas molecules to orbit around or adsorb on the ion is just [Pg.74]

FIGURE 2.11 Cross sections of ions solvated by gas molecules at low E/N (a) decrease upon declustering at high E/N (b). The outer boundary for hard-sphere collisions (dash-dot circles) assumes an average radius of nonspherical gas molecules. [Pg.74]

Polar molecules (i.e., those with a permanent dipole moment, Pm) bind to ions particularly strongly because of charge-dipole force. A fixed dipole interacts with an ion via [Pg.75]




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And field effects

And the field effect

Cluster ions

Cluster molecules

Clustered molecules

Clustering effect

Effect of Gases

Effect of ions

Effect on clusters

Ga clusters

Gas field

High Field Effects

High clustering

High field

Ion clustering

Ion molecule

Ion-molecule clustering

Molecules effects

Molecules field

Molecules gases and

Molecules gases)

Molecules ions and

The Field Effect

The Ga Cluster

The Standards

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