Closed compartmental system

Closed compartmental systems with a symmetric matrix of reaction rate constants belong to the second class. This statement contradicts the state-... 

The equilibrium distribution characterises (but not uniquely) the equilibrium fluctuations. In a closed compartmental system, M - 1 functions of the reaction rate constants can be determined. It may be guessed that not more than M functions of the rate constants can be determined also in the general case. 

Analysing Exercise l(ii) try to characterise a large set of generalised compartmental systems for which the induced kinetic differential equation can be solved in closed form. 

Let us repeat that a generalised compartmental system is closed if it only contains elementary reactions of the type (4.22a), while it is strictly half open or strictly open according to whether it contains elementary reactions of the type (4.22b) or (4.22c) too. 

These definitions express that a generalised compartmental system is closed if and only if no matter enters it from and leaves it for the outside world. It is strictly half open if and only if no matter enters it but matter does leave it. Finally, it is strictly open if and only if matter does enter it and may leave it. 

Earlier it was shown that if a reaction is acyclic then it cannot be weakly reversible (Exercise 1 of Subsection 4.2.4). This statement shows that in the case of generalised compartmental systems the connection between the two graphs is even stronger there exists not just a one-to-one correspondence between cycles and closed directed routes the two graphs are essentially identical. (Here the empty complex may not be excluded.)... 

The rate of ET depends on the donor-acceptor separation distance. In the poly(A/St/Phen)-MV2 + system, the Phen moiety is protected from a close contact with MV2+, but the distance between the compartmentalized Phen and bound MV2+ species is uncertain. This means the impossibility of quantitative discussion on the ET rate in terms of the distance dependence. The spread of the... 

By definition the first requirement of any cell, natural or artificial, is to be compartmentalized. Once a closed system has been created it is possible to develop, or evolve, mechanisms that control the concentrations of essential nutrients and waste materials within that system. This will inevitably involve a route for chemical species of different sizes and properties to move between the cell s interior and its external surroundings. There are several candidates for the cell boundary material. 

The structure and function of this bacterial photosystem reveals important principles for the design of artificial photosystems. First, the sensitizer needs to be posi tioned close to secondary acceptors and donors which themselves are spatially iso lated from each other such that photoexcitation leads to rapid spatial separation of the electron hole pair. Second, compartmentalization of the photosynthetic assembly is likely to be necessary so as to prevent wasteful back reactions. For water splitting, a system in which H2 and O2 are generated in separate compartments would have both safety and efficiency advantages. 

A system with definite inside and outside compartments (closed vesicles) is essential for oxidative phosphorylation. The process does not occur in soluble preparations or in membrane fragments without compartmentalization. 

One of the greatest obstacles in the successful modeling of the cytochrome P-450 system is the choice and control of electrons for the reductive activation of dioxygen. In our laboratory we began by designing a system that closely matched the environment of the native enzyme. Artificial bilayers in the form of polymerizied vesicles of 9 were utilized in an attempt to compartmentalize and separate the various components of the artificial enzyme system (Figure 7).2i... 

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