Cleaning mixing apparatus

On the other hand, economically advantageous routes by continuous baking process have also been described in recent years. The processes are carried out in self-cleaning mixing apparatus such as double screw extruders. More recent patent literature claims yields as high as 80%. 

Ethyl phenylethylmalonate. In a dry 500 ml. round-bottomed flask, fitted with a reflux condenser and guard tube, prepare a solution of sodium ethoxide from 7 0 g. of clean sodium and 150 ml. of super dry ethyl alcohol in the usual manner add 1 5 ml. of pure ethyl acetate (dried over anhydrous calcium sulphate) to the solution at 60° and maintain this temperature for 30 minutes. Meanwhile equip a 1 litre threenecked flask with a dropping funnel, a mercury-sealed mechanical stirrer and a double surface reflux condenser the apparatus must be perfectly dry and guard tubes should be inserted in the funnel and condenser respectively. Place a mixture of 74 g. of ethyl phenylmalonate and 60 g. of ethyl iodide in the flask. Heat the apparatus in a bath at 80° and add the sodium ethoxide solution, with stirring, at such a rate that a drop of the reaction mixture when mixed with a drop of phenolphthalein indieator is never more than faintly pink. The addition occupies 2-2 -5 hoius continue the stirring for a fiuther 1 hour at 80°. Allow the flask to cool, equip it for distillation under reduced pressure (water pump) and distil off the alcohol. Add 100 ml. of water to the residue in the flask and extract the ester with three 100 ml. portions of benzene. Dry the combined extracts with anhydrous magnesium sulphate, distil off the benzene at atmospheric pressure and the residue under diminished pressure. C ollect the ethyl phenylethylmalonate at 159-160°/8 mm. The yield is 72 g. 

The process is one of electrolytic reduction and the apparatus is similar to that shown in Fig. 77, p. 144. It consists of a small porous cell (8 cm. x 2 cm. diam.) surrounded by a narrow beaher (ii cm. X 6 cm. diam.). The oxalic acid, mixed w lth too c.f. 10 per cent sulphuric acid (titrated against standard baryl.a solution] forms the cathode liquid and is placed in Iht beakei. The porous cell is filled with the same strength of siilphuiic acid and foims the anode liquid. The electrodes ara made from 01 dinary clean sheet lead. The anode consists of i thiu strip projecting about two inches from the cell and tliu... 

A second separation process reported by EBC is based on the use of hydrocyclones. Stable emulsions formed by good oil-cell-water contact and mixing can be separated continuously with hydrocyclones to obtain relatively clean oil and water. A method and an apparatus for separating a water/organic/solid emulsion, wherein the solid comprises particles having a length of about 50 xm or less, has been disclosed [267], This separation process scheme is shown in Fig. 14 and as before the separation method is envisioned as part of a BDS process. 

Any NG left after tests or in waste waters should be mixed, by means of a hard rubber spatula, with sawdust in a waste bucket and sent to the burning grounds. All the apparatus which contained NG should be cleaned... 

Prepare the running gel. (The volume to be prepared will depend on the size of the electrophoresis apparatus you will use and the number of gels to be prepared consult your instructor. The procedure described here is for 20 ml of a 10% monomer running gel.) Mix the following, in order, in a clean 100-ml beaker 7.9 ml distilled H20, 6.7 ml 30% acrylamide solution, 5.0 ml 1.5 M TrisHCl, pH 8.8, 200 fjul 10% SDS, 8 fjul TEMED, and 200 pu1 freshly dissolved 10% ammonium persulfate. The ammonium persulfate should be added last, as it initiates polymerization. 

On a piece of weighing paper, thoroughly mix approximately 1 g of copper(ll) oxide with twice its volume of powdered charcoal. Place the mixture in a clean, dry Pyrex or Kimax test tube. Add about 10 ml of limewater to a second test tube, and stand it in a 150-mL beaker. Assemble the apparatus as shown here, with the copper-oxide test tube sloped slightly downward and the delivery tube extending into the limewater. 

Particularly in the pharmaceutical industry, cleaning requirements may necessitate installation of the chopper(s) through a removable roof as shown in Fig. 7.45b. This apparatus is designed for efficient mixing, granulating, gas stripping, and vacuum drying in a one-pot manner. To avoid condensation the so called auto-lift lid is also heated in this case. 

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