Classification of immobilization methods

Table 17.4 gives a classification of immobilization methods for insoluble enzymes that combines the nature of interaction responsible for immobilization and the nature of the support. 

Immobilization of macromolecules can be generally defined as a procedure leading to their restricted mobility. A classification of immobilization methods according to different chemical and physical principles is shown in Fig. 3. 

Fig. 6.67 Classification of the methods for enzyme immobilization. (From A lllanes, R. Fernandez-Lafuente, J.M. Guisan, L Wilson, Heterogeneous enzyme kinetics, in A lllanes (Ed.), Enzyme Biocatalysis, Springer, 2008, pp. 155—203. Copyright 2008 Springer).

In the case of solid supports, the immobilization methods can be classified according to the support-complex interaction. However, this is not a simple classification given that more than one interaction can be present and it is often difficult to discern which interaction is the most significant in terms of immobilization. In this review, however, we have distinguished three categories of interaction [4] (Fig. 1) ... 

Classification of Methods for Immobilizing (or Heterogenizing) Homogeneous Catalysts... 

The term immobilization describes the nature of the binding of fluorophors with the surface or embedded into the solid support structure. There are several immobilization techniques that include physical methods, physiochemical methods, electrostatic binding and covalent binding. Major classifications of the physiochemical methods include absorption, sol-gel processing and lipophilic membranes. 

Abstract. Microencapsulation is widely use in industry but remains relatively unknown from the public. The reason is that microcapsules are not an end-product, but generally a technique to overcome process limitations. Microencapsulation allows immobilization, protection, release and functionalisation of active ingredients. Despite the high diversity of methods, this paper proposes a classification and description of the main technologies to produce microcapsules. 

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