Citraconic anhydride, Table

Second Step For further evaluation, a comparative IHC study was performed using citraconic anhydride and conventional AR protocols with a TMA of 31 cases of bladder cancer. Findings are summarized in Table 1.4. Only 27 cases were available for evaluation due to loss of tissue cores for four cases. Among 27 cases, there were 6, 8, and 13 cases for strong, moderate... 

Although the novel AR protocol using citraconic anhydride improved the intensity of IHC on FFPE tissue sections for more than half of the antibodies tested, compared to that achieved by other conventional AR protocols, not all antibodies benefitted, which would argue that the citraconic anhydride method does not serve as a truly universal AR protocol. Indeed, many investigators (Table 1.2) have concluded that different antigens may require different specific AR protocols. In this respect, the test battery is a convenient and cost-effective method for assessing the appropriate AR protocol.2,8 Nevertheless, the present data certainly support inclusion of the citraconic anhydride AR method in such a test battery. With respect to the two heating temperatures for citraconic anhydride, the ultimate choice of method for any laboratory may depend on the equipment available. 

Table 2 MGDG synthase inactivation by citraconic anhydride. Partially purified MGDG synthase was preincubated 30 min at 25°C as described, then subsequently incubated 30 min at 25°C with citraconic anhydride. Galactosylation activity was measured as in [5].

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