Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension

Bosentan (Tracleer ) Actelion, Switzerland ETA/ETB receptor Grade III and IV PAH and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (European approval in 2002 as orphan medicine) Program for CHF was terminated in phase III... 

Thrombotic (blood clot) events, and subsequent complications, are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the general population.1 In 2005, it was estimated that there were more than 900,000 total venous thromboembolism events in the United States,2 two thirds of which were acquired in hospital. More than 600,000 of those were nonfatal venous thromboembolism events. Nearly 300,000 were fatal events, including more than 2,200 cases of deep venous thrombosis and 294,000 cases of pulmonary embolism. The majority deaths (93%) were due to sudden fatal pulmonary embolism, or were a consequence of undiagnosed venous thromboembolism. It was estimated that 340,000 patients developed complications from venous thromboembolism, including 336,000 with postthrombotic syndrome and 3,300 with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. 

Galie N, Kim N. Pulmonary Microvascular Disease in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2006 3 571-6. 

Auger W, Kim NH, Kerr KM, Test VJ, Fedullo PF. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Clin Chest Med 2007 28 255-2 69. 

Tunariu N, Gibbs SJ, Win Z, et al. Ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy is more sensitive than multidetector CTPA in detecting chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease as a treatable cause of pulmonary hypertension. J Nucl Med 2007 48 680-4. 

Endrys J, Hayat N, Cherian G. Comparison of bronchopulmonary collaterals and collateral blood flow in patients with chronic thromboembolic and primary pulmonary hypertension. Heart 1997 78 171-176. 

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