Chromophores, electro-optical excitations

The theory of electro-optical excitations of chromophores, immobilized in thin film samples has been worked out by Reich and Schmidt. l An expansion of the optical absorption, A, into the energy, e = hcv, leads to a difference spectrum... 

Here a) is the optical frequency used in the EFISH measurement, co is the frequency adopted in the electro-optic measurement, and cOq is the transition energy between the ground state and first excited state of the chromophore. 

Electro-optical studies have been undertaken, to contribute to the solution of some of these questions. "20 Stark spectroscopy is sensitive to changes in the electronic structure of chromophores during their optical excitation, and hence is especially suited to tackle the second set of the questions raised above. 

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