Chromium metal electron microscopy

Braid surfaces at the failure point and a spot away from that area were analyzed. The external and internal surfaces of the braid at the failure area were mildly discolored because of oxidization, similar to the effect of overheating a metallic object. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed no disturbance to the weave pattern, no deformation of metal wires, and no surface defects, based on the comparison of defective and normal areas. Energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) showed similar concentrations of iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), and molybdenum (Mo) in both areas, indicating stainless steel. A small amount of silicon (Si) was detected that was attributable to environmental contamination such as dust and dirt. 

The samples were characterized by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRFS), X-ray powder dififiaction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and Mossbauer effect spectroscopy(MES). For MES measurements the Co in chromium matrix was served as the source. Isomeric shift values were given in relation to metallic iron. Spectra were computer-fitted and Mossbauer parameters were calculated. 

Several techniques are available for determining whether or not toxic metals, such as lead and chromium, exist in paint. Some well-established methods, particularly for lead, are atomic absorption (AA) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP or ICP-AES). Energy-dispersive x-ray in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy (EDX-SEM) is a somewhat newer technique. 

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