Chromatography, invention

Gas-liquid chromatography invented by Martin and James Packed columns developed... 

The crowning development in MW determination was the invention of gel permeation chromatography, the antecedents of which began in 1952 and which was finally perfected by Moore (1964). A column is filled with pieces of cross-linked macroporous resin and a polymer solution (gel) is made to flow through the column. The polymer solute permeates the column more slowly when the molecules are small, and the distribution of molecules after a time is linked not only to the average MW but also, for the first time with these techniques, to the vital parameter of MW distribution. 

Indeed, great emphasis was placed on the presentation of compounds in crystalline form for many years, early chromatographic procedures for the separation of natural substances were criticized because the products were not crystalline. None the less, the invention by Tswett (3) of chromatographic separation by continuous adsorption/desorption on open columns as applied to plant extracts was taken up by a number of natural product researchers in the 1930s, notably by Karrer (4) and by Swab and lockers (5). An early example (6) of hyphenation was the use of fluorescence spectroscopy to identify benzo[a]pyrene separated from shale oil by adsorption chromatography on alumina. 

For many years, the concept of the conductivity detector could not work, however. Ion chromatography experiments utilize solutions of high ion concentrations as the mobile phase. Thus, changes in conductivity due to eluting ions are not detectable above the already high conductivity of the mobile phase. This was true until the invention of so-called ion suppressors. Today, conductivity detectors are used extensively in HPLC ion chromatography instruments that also include suppressors. 

In this chapter the three main modes of large-scale chromatographic operation, and combined reaction and separation. Many useful but small-scale chromatographic methods have been omitted, as well as allied separation techniques which combine aspects of chromatographic principles or practice with aspects of adsorption, extraction, sedimentation or electrophoresis. Such is the pace of invention that novel processes related to chromatography are still being developed and described in the literature. 

Archer J.P. Martin Great Britain invention of partition chromatography... 

SYNGE, RICHARD L. M. (1914-1994). An Irish mathematician and physicist who won the Nobel prize for chemistry in 1952 along with Archer J. P. Martin for their invention of partition chromatography. His research was on llie application of mediods of physical chemistry to isolate and analyze proteins, with special attention to antibiotic peptides and higher plants. He received his doctorate from Cambridge. 

If the racemic form of aminophosphonates were used mixtures of diastereoisomers were obtained.We invented a method for their separation by column ion-exchange chromatography (Dowex 50W X8,H form). The chromatogra-phically pure diastereoisomeric phosphonodipeptides were obtained in this manner. 

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