Choline adult males

Gonadal abnormalities occur in liver cirrhosis. Adult male rats fed a chronic choline-deficient... 

Recommended dietary allowances for a male adult (daily intake, in foods and food supplements) of some nutrients, usually the amounts estimated as needed to prevent overt manifestation of deficiency disease in most persons. For the substances listed in smaller amounts the optimum intake, leading to the best of health, may be somewhat greater. Not shown, but probably or possibly required, are the essential fatty acids, />aminobenzoic acid, choline, vitamin D, vitamin K, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, zinc, selenium, molybdenum, vanadium, tin, and silicon. 

Although there is significant capacity for biosynthesis of the choline moiety in the liver, choline deficiency can occur in humans. Male adults deprived of dietary choline become depleted of choline in their tissues and develop liver and muscle damage. Premenopausal women may not be sensitive to dietary choline deficiency (unpublished data). No experiments have been conducted to determine if this occurs in similarly deprived pregnant women, infants, and children. 

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