Chloroplasts biogenesis

Ellis RJ. Chloroplast Biogenesis, Cambridge University Press, New York, 1984. 

Adamska I, Ohad I, Kloppstech K (1992) In Argyroudy-Akoyonoglou JH (ed) Regulation of chloroplast biogenesis. Plenum New York, p 113... 

Bauer, J., Chen, K. H., Hiltbunner, A., Wehrli, E., Eugster, M., Schnell, D., and Kessler, F. (2000). The major protein import receptor of plastids is essential for chloroplast biogenesis Nature 403 203-207. 

We have now uncovered only a few of the pieces from the puzzle of the chloroplast biogenesis. The following sequential events can be drawn. 

Carotenoid synthesis is a highly regulated, integral part of chloroplast biogenesis and is intimately associated with the synthesis of other chloroplast components (i.e. lipids, proteins and chlorophylls). The major stimulus for carotenoid synthesis in greening leaf tissue is light (Oelmuller and Mohr,... 

The cpDNA of aU nongreen algae encode the metaUoprotease FtsH. In land plants, this enzyme is nuclear-encoded. The FtsH proteins play an important, though not completely understood, role in chloroplast biogenesis. 

Komenda J, Masojidek J, Setlikova E. An indication of diflerent functions of CP47 and CP43. In Argyroudi-Akoyunoglou JH, ed. Regulation of Chloroplast Biogenesis. New York Plenum Press, 1999 411-415, (NATO ASI series). 

Kolossov, V., and Rebeiz, C. (2001). Chloroplast Biogenesis 84 Solubilization and Partial Purification of Membrane-bound (4-vinyl) Chlotophyllide, a Reductase from Etiolated Barley Leaves, Anal. Biochem. 295 214-219. 

Development of Photosynthetic Function during Chloroplast Biogenesis... 

Hugly, S Somerville, C. A role for membrane lipid polyimsaturation in chloroplast biogenesis at low temperature. Plant Physiol, 1992, 99, 197-202. 

In the remainder of this article we discuss the chaperones most relevant to chloroplast biogenesis - the chaperonins. 

The best way to look for chaperones is to search for proteins that are transiently associated with the early steps of the process under study. In many cases, but not all, the chaperone is attached to its protein ligand by non-covalent bonds so that non-denaturing techniques should be used in the search for such associations, where genetic approaches are possible i.e. in Chlamydomonas or in transgenic plants, strains carrying mutations in the chaperone genes or antisense constructs could be used to examine the consequences for chloroplast biogenesis. 

Krol M, Huner NPA, Williams JP, and Maissan E. Chloroplast biogenesis at cold hardening temperatures. Kinetics of trans-3-hexadecenoic acid accumulation and the assembly of LHCIl. Photosynth Res. 1988 15 115-132. 

Lichtenthaler H.K. and Meier D., 1984. Inhibion by sethoxydim of chloroplast biogenesis, development and replication in barley seedlings. Z. Naturforsch. 39c, 115-122. 

Morre DJ, Morre JT, Morre SR, Simdqvist C, Sandelius AS. Chloroplast biogenesis Cell-free transfer of monogalactosylglycerides to thylakoids. Biochim Biophys Acta 1991 1070 437-445. 

Bradbeer JW (1981) Development of photosynthetic function during chloroplast biogenesis. In Hatch MD and Boardman NK eds. The... 

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